摘要:

AbstractRelative toxicity can vary considerably, depending on the test conditions used and the toxicity criterion selected. Three commodity plastics, three engineering plastics and Douglas fir were evaluated at various temperatures and with the closed and flow‐through systems to demonstrate these effects. For the closed system, the rising temperature program (procedure B) appeared to be a cost‐effective method of summarizing a range of fixed temperatu

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810030402

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes in some detail the sources of data on fires occurring in Australia with to their scope and reliability. Particular reference is made to the data published by the Fire Brigades Board of New South Wales for these are the most detailed and comprehensive published in Australia although limited to one State. Data are given on the number of fires, property loss, and deaths and injuries due to fires in Australia and on causes, occupancies, points of origin and extents of fires in New South Wales. Comparisons are made with United Kingdom and United States of America statistics where relevant data are available. In conclusion, some trends which indicate that better data should be available in the future are discussed.

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810030403

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDespite a decrease in the UK, in the number of fatal accidents resulting from the ignition of clothing, there are still some 115 fatalities and many serious accidents each year. The research described in this paper identified groups of such accidents which involved nightwear garments and which might also be amenable to further prevention action. Detailed analysis of 64 cases suggested that further specific preventive action could have some impact on burns to the elderly involving nightdresses and burns to all age groups which involved pyjamas or dressing‐gown

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810030404

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Australian Standard ‘Test for Early Fire Hazard Properties of Materials’ (AS 1530 Part 3, 1976) has been studied in detail as a method of assessing the fire performance of plastics wall linings under the conditions of early fire development in a room. A particular feature of the standard test is that four parameters characterizing the reaction to fire are measured concurrently. Results from the standard test have been compared to corner‐wall burns involving the same parameters as in the standard test. The suitability of these parameters and the ability of the standard test to rank the behaviour of the materials in the same order as indicated by corner‐wall burns is discussed. A general relationship between ignition time and flame spread was observed and is discussed as support for the concept of concurrent measurement of different reaction‐to‐fire parameters under the one test procedure an

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810030405

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOver a six‐year period, 530 fire fatalities resulting from 398 fires were studied in the State of Maryland. The study had two major objectives: (1) to determine the specific cause of death by a detailed autopsy stud of fire victims, and (2) to determine the specific cause of fatality‐producing fire by an on‐the‐scene fire investigation. The fire fatality study was limited to residential fires and to fatalities that occurred within 6 h of the fire. The results of the toxicological analysis show that (1) 60% of the victims had a carboxyhemoglobin value greater than or equal to 50% carbon monoxide saturation, (2) an additional 20% had elevated carboxyhemoglobin with preexisting cardiovascular disease, (3) 11% of the victims had severe burns, (4) 9% were unexplained and (5) 40% of the victims had positive blood alcohol levels with 30% of these meeting the legal definition of intoxication (blood alcohol ≥0.1%). The fire investigations confirmed that the predominant fatal scenario is the cigarette ignition of upholstered furniture or bedding. This scenario accounted for 47% of the fires and 44% of the victims. Alcohol also appears to be significant factor in this

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810030406

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGlass reinforced polyesters (GRP), or the resins used, have to pass a wide variety of tests which vary considerably from country to country and from industry to industry. Some of these tests are carried out on a scale outside the capabilities of most laboratories and the results leave much to be desired in the matter of reproducibility. All these factors lead to problems for the formulator of fire‐retardant unsaturated polyester resin

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810030407

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe feasibility of using a dynamic, i.e. multivariable, test procedure instead of the more usual single point tests has been investigated by determining the limiting conditions for burning. The rate of burning and the limiting conditions for flaming and smoldering combustion have been determined over a range of temperatures and oxygen concentrations. Results show that the relative burning rates of materials and also their relative combustion thresholds can alter significantly with changes in the tests environment.

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810030408

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTextiles usually form the exterior surface of an item which they cover. They are usually organic and therefore may be readily burned. Some actively spread flame. Thus, they are vunerable to fire and to controls designed to promote fire safety. This paper is essentially a personal view of the diversity of test methods, standards and controls concerned with textile flammability which have emerged or are emerging internationally. It suggests the need for collaboration in assessing fire hazards rationally, to counter emotive pressures for controls for controls and to promote their harmonization worldwide.

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810030409

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis note describes a digital circuit for the measurement of combustion intermittency in fire gases. The measurement has been achieved by analyzing the positive ion current drawn by an electrostatic probe immersed in the flow. The circuits used are modular in design so that signals from different types of sensor may be presented for intermittency analysis. Some results obtained in an unbounded diffusion flame are reported.

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810030410

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810030401

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY