摘要:

AbstractVarious aspects of Pyrolysis gas toxicity studies at the University of San Francisco are discussed. Animal response data can be used to establish patterns which would help identify specific toxicants by their mode of action. Reference time‐concentration curves for individual gaseous toxicants can be used to permit deduction of importance of these toxicants in complex mixtures of toxic gases. These techniques can be used to identify cause and mechanisms of toxicity without significant additional cost. The versatility and economy of the basic test permits rapid survey of test variables to identify potential problem situation

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810020402

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMuch of the information accumulated on the fire resistance of ‘dividing’ elements can be utilized in the design of buildings for fire safety, if the fire tolerance values are converted into fire resistance. Three methods of conversion, one based on the concept of equal temperature‐time areas, the second on the concept of equal maximum temperatures, and the third, Law method, are critically examined and handy conversion tools presented. In the case of the ‘key’ elements of buildings, basing the fire safety design on fire resistance information is not re

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810020403

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Australian Children's Nightwear Standards have been accepted as the basis of legislation in all States of Australia and by the Commonwealth Government. The standards are based on the philosophy thatgarment designas well as combustion characteristics of the material is an important consideration in assessing the fire hazard of nightwear. Using this approach a classification system has been devised which place children's nightwear into three categories of potential fire hazard. If a garment cannot be classified then it cannot be legally sold in Australia. The combustion characteristics tested are ease of ignition, rate of flame propagation and surface burn properties. For classification all materials used for children's nightwear must pass the latter test. The design of the standard test methods, criteria for classification and the concepts of safe design were developed by collection data from burns accidents and burnt clothing from accident victims from the burns research unit of a large children's hospital and by the study of the burning behavior of clothing on a manikin. The combustion criteria are not so stringent as to require the use of inherently flame resist materials or the use of flame retardant finishes. This approach in combination with safe design criterial enable commercially available textiles to meet the legislative requirements for children's nightwear. This mean that the nightwear standards are inexpensive to attain and do not require a sophisticated textile technology. A consumer labeling system has been designed to describe the three categories but yet there is no evidence to suggest that this had had any effect in reducing the number of burns accidents—consumers apparently regrading safe nightwear as a low priority. An inconsistent aspect of the calssification system is the incorporation into the standards in 1977 of criteria to prevent the classification of cotton flannelette nightdresses and the incorporation of arbitrary requirements for other nightdress containing cotton. These inconsistencies have been caused fundamentally by a problem which continues to bedevil the writing of good standards in Australia—that is, the lack of nationwide statistics on burns accide

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810020404

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVarious celloulosic materials were evaluated for ignitability and flash‐fire propensity, using screening test methods developed at the University of San Francisco. Time to ignition, using radiation from a high‐temperature radiant source without a pilot flame, appeared to be primarily a function of heat flux and material density, rather than of type of wood or celloulosic board. At heat flux levels from 5.8 to 10.5 W cm−2, time to ignition was shortest for cellulose fiberboard with a density of 0.2225 g ml−1, followed by western red cedar at 0.314 g ml−1, eastern white pine at 0.348 g ml−1, southern yellow pine at 0.422 g ml−1, Douglas fir at 0.565 g ml−1, and longest for hardboard at 0.878 g ml−1. For the cotton and rayon woven‐pile upholstery fabrics, time to ignition appeared to increase with increasing fabric weight.For Cellulose insulation treated with boron‐containing additives, flash‐fire magnitude decreased with increasing additive content. Flash‐fire magnitude decreased more that could be accounted for by decreasing weight loss alone, indication reduction in the combustibility of the volatiles produced. Reduction in flash‐fire propensity of cotton bating by treatment with boron‐containin

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810020405

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA Collaborative Programme of work was carried out by two laboratories to asscess a procedure for identifying paint systems which possess poor ‘in service’ lives by virtue of being repeatedly washed. The small scale surface spread of flame apparatus as described in BS 476 part 7 was used to measure any change in the surface spread of flame characteristic of eight coating system, applied to two substrates, as a result of washing the coated surfaces. The results indicate that both laboratories ranked the paints in the same order and the reproducibility of the proposed washing procedure was good. The most consistent results were obtained when the coating systems were applied to standard hardboard. It is suggested that flame retardant coating system having poor resistance to washing would be identified if a limit of changes of average spread of flame were set at 75 mm. This investigation was carried out in support of the activities of BSI committee PVC/12, Fire Retardant Pai

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810020406

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810020407

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810020408

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY