摘要:

AbstractThis theoretical and experimental study, complementary to that discussed in Reference 1, examines those factors that affect the ‘test efficiency’ in fire resistance testing. Convective heat transfer in the test chamber may become an essential part of the heat transmission process if, due to small furnace size or non‐luminous furnace gases, the radiative transmission is not sufficiently intense. The standard technique of measuring and controlling the temperature conditions in the furnace chamber, though not in line with strict scienctific practices, appears to provide insurance against poor test result. A calibration procedure is described for checking the adequacy of fire resistance test facilities and some solutions presented for improving the test effic

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810100202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA sensitive method is described for the determination of hydrogen cyanide and organic nitriles in atmospheres created by the combustion or thermal degradation of nitrogen‐containing polymeric materials. The technique also allows for the determination of other hydrocarbon species from the same sample using a gas chromatograph‐mass spectrometer system without entailing too many divisions in the sample quantity The method utilizes an NOxanalyzer will only respond to nitrogen‐containing compounds and response factors for these compounds can be calcu

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810100203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe hazards resulting rom smoke emission were widely recognized in the early 1970s as a result of several major fire disasters. Since that time considerable interest has been shown in the development of smoke‐suppressants. This paper reviews some of the very promising results that have been obtained using molybdenuem comounds as flame‐retardants and smoke‐suppressantes in halogenated polymers. They have been shown to be effective in both rigid and flexible grades of PVC. In the rigid grades these compounds can reduce smoke emission by at least 80%. Reductions in excess of 50% have been observed with typical plasticized formulations, although the magnitude of the effect here depends on both the type and level of plasticizer. Comparisons of the results of different smoke tests suggest that the small‐scale tests commonly used do not fully reflect the true extent of the smoke‐reductions that are obtainable with these combounds. Significant reductions in smoke‐emission have also been obtained with halogenated polyester thermosets and chlorinated elastomer formulations. With the polyesters some of the best results occurred when molybdenum oxide was used in conjunction with alumunium trihydrate. In all cases these compounds proved to have significant flame‐retardant properties. Reference has been made in the paper to their mode of activity but the actual mechanistic investigations have not been discus

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810100204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA series of materials were tested in a radiant furnace for their production of toxicants (carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride) while concurrently measuring the weight remaining of the test specimen. In addition, the effect of sample form on toxicant production was considered for Douglas fir and polyvinyl chloride. The smoke‐exposure profile was found to be dependent on the material's form. The specimen‐irradiation time and the incident heat flux. The calculation of exposure using a Ct product based on the area under the production curve was found useful for smoke and toxicants. Concentrations of toxic gases produced were not linearly related to sample‐weight loss throughout the experiments. The influence of sample form on smoke and toxicant production was greater for Douglas fir than for polyvinyl chloride. The results indicate that in toxicity tests samples should be tested in their end‐use form and that a material's thermal properties may influence toxicity‐value cal

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810100205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA two‐storey test rig was used to investigate how an insulated facade would react to the impingement of a simulated room fire. In particular, whether or not a facade insulated with polyurethane foam would promote vertical flame spread. Wooden cribs weighing 40 kg were used as fire sources. One set of tests was run without any steel cladding to study the behaviour of the polyurethane foam alone. In a wall‐configuration test as well as under a conrner‐configuration one limited vertical and horizontal flame propagation were found. The degree of damage was to some extent, greater under the corner‐test conditions than with the wall tests. A ventilated facade construction with the profiled steel cladding fixed to vertical support‐work was used for the second set of tests. In order to simulate repair conditions, the outer metal cladding was completely removed from the lower 1.5 m of the facade. In Both tests a strong chimney‐effect behind the cladding was observed. This intensification of the flame impingement led to a flame spread up the top of the facade. The tests indicated that the vertical flame spread would continue unless the method of construction incorporated vertical

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810100206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810100208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810100201

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY