摘要:

AbstractCharacteristics of smoke particulates generated from a coal fire in a ventilated model tunnel were investigated by laser optical transmission and by electron microscopy. Average particle diameter and mass concentration of the smoke were determined as a function of the temperature and stoichimoetry of the coal tunnel fire. Smoke particle sizes ranged from 0.2 to 0.9 μm, with larger particle sizes associated with higher smoke concentrations. These coal smoke data are relevant to several aspects of underground mine safety including the development and location of smoke detection instruments, the understanding of the fire (toxic fume) hazard, and the development of new fire protection and control techniques

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810050203

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExperimental results on the rate of lateral flame spread and time for piloted ignition under an externally imposed radiant flux were analyzed with a simple theroretical model. The data were developed from a radiant panel apparatus that considers a wall mounted sample with a flux distribution\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ (\dot q_{\rm e} ^{\prime \prime } ) $\end{document}of 5 W cm−2at the ignited end to 0.2 W cm−2at the other end. It is shown that after an appropriate preheating time (flux exposure time before sample is ignited) the rate of flame spread (Vf) results can be correlated by\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ V_{\rm f} - {\textstyle{1 \over 2}} = C\left( {\dot q''_{{\rm o,ig}} - \dot q_{\rm e} ^{\prime \prime } } \right) $\end{document}whereCis a material ‘constant’ and\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot q''{\rm }_{{\rm o,ig}} $\end{document}is minimum flux for piloted ignition—also a material (and configuration) constant. An extension of this model demonstrates thatVfcan also be expressed in terms of an ‘ignition temperature’ and the surface temperature of the material. Both correlations are derivable from a single flame spread experiment. Results are presented for a number of typical wood and plas

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810050204

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA comparative approach to the determination of smoke emission from burning polymers has been attempted, and a number of combustion conditions and detection devices have been tried to choose a test method for measuring the smoke proiduction of materials. The combustion apparatus adopted is a hot‐air quartz furnace that permits the measured by dynamic method from combustion of PAN, PVC and PVC mixed with some metal oxiders, have been compared with those obtained by an accumulation mode. For PVC the intensity of the light scattered from the evolving smoke has been measured as an alternative to smoke densit

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810050205

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSmall‐scale qualitative tests were used to screen 185 inorganic powders for flame and inhibiting effects upon cellulose. Nearly half of the compounds inhibited smoldering. These were limited to inorganic salts whose anions include boron, phosphorus, sulfur or halogen. Over half the compounds inhibited flaming, and about one‐third inhibited both flaming and smoldering. Differences were found between the actions of the powders and of similar retardants used in other forms and conditions. An appendix is included reporting the effects of alkali metal halides on the pyrolysis of cellulose. Implications of the results to the inhibitors are discus

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810050206

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe dependence of the Critical Oxygen Index values of some thermoplastic materials on sample sixe is reported. The extent of melting of this class of material is shown to be important in determining the effect of sample size on the index.

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810050207

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFor building control purposes of wall‐lining and flooring materials in Europe several empirical reaction to fire tests are used. This paper examines the correlation between a number of different tests looking at some 42 different materials, and comments thereo

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810050208

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810050209

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810050210

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810050212

出版商:Heyden&Son Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY