摘要:

AbstractPerformance of three fire zone models BR12, CCFM.VENTS and CFAST in simulating forced ventilation fires with low heat release and high ventilation rates were studied experimentally. A fire chamber of length 4.0 m, width 3.0 m height 2.8 m with adjustable ventilation rates was used. Burning tests were carried out with wood cribs and methanol to study the preflashover stage of a compartmental fire and the effect of ventilation. The mass loss rate of fuel, temperature distribution of the compartment and the air intake rate were measured. The heat release rates of the fuel were calculated from the measured mass loss rate. The smoke temperature was used as the validation parameter. A scoring system is proposed to compare the results predicted by the three models. An empirical expression for calculating the smoke temperature is assessed. Lastly, the Computational Fluid Dynamics technique is also used for comparing the simulated fire environment.

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810190302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe fire‐retardant performances of various surface coatings for naval ship interior applications have been evaluated by a number of small‐scale fire test methods. The coatings were eveluated as topcoats by cone calorimetry and limiting oxygen index methods and as primer/topcoat systems by radiat heating, direct flame impingement and reverse panel heating procedures. The coatings investigated were (1) a solvent‐based epoxy polyester, (2) a solvent‐based fireretardant alkyd,(3) a solvent‐based chlorimated alkyd and (4) a water‐based acrylic. In terms of the measured parameters, the chlorinated alkyd has superior fire properties while the epoxy polyserter, the fire‐retardant alkyd and parameters, the chlorinated alkyd has superior fire properties while the epoxy polyester, the fire‐retardant alkyd and the acrylic have significat disadvantages in relation to fire propagation. The relatively low amount of hydrogen chloride (∼ 0.3%—mass per initial mass) evolved by the chlorinated alkyd during cone calorimetric combustion and its outstanding fire‐retardant properties have resulted in it being considered acceptable for naval ship

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810190303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo experiments were performed on board an aircraft flying repeated parabolic trajectories to generate free‐fal conditions. The first experiment investigates the way in which rate of heat release (RHR) varies with gravity for a candle flame under an imposed low‐speed flow. In line with previous studies of flame spread rate it has been shown that rate of heat release drops significantly in imcrogravity. The heat loss due to radiation decreases by a larger proportion than that due to non‐radiative processes indicating a lower flame temperature. The RHR from a microgravity flame is flow rate dependent, increasing for increased flow rate at air speeds under 0.03 ms−1. For the geometry used in this experiment hypergravity caused only a small increase in RHR. The second experiment studied the ignitability of thermoplastics under an imposed radiant heat flux. The ignition test apparatus consists of a conical spiral heating element positioned horizontally above the sample, a continuous spark ignition source and a removable heat shield. Experiments were conducted in a sealed pressure chamber on samples of either PMMA or POM, 1.5 mm thick, with a ceramic backing. There is some indication that gravity influences the time to ignition for some ma

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810190304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNew Zealand Building Code Performance requirements relating to fire performance of external walls are considered and methods of evaluating the potential for vertical fire spread are discussed. Classifying external wall claddings on the basis of performance in the ‘combustibility’ test has proved overly restrictive where some external cladding materials are concerned. Performance criteria based on heat relase or ‘degree of combustibility’ are proposed and they seem to provide a better classification scheme for external wall cladding materials. Heat release test data for ten different external wall cladding materials are pr

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810190305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe behaviour of three typical thermoplastic polymers—polypropylene (PP), polyamide 6 (PA‐6), ABS and PP mixed with inert talc or fire retardant magnesium hydroxide or melamine—was assessed in the Cone Calorimeter and in traditional widely used tests. It is seen that the evaluation of the relative fire hazard of the materials, based on simple parameters, can be very different depending on the test used, particularly in the presence of additives. From this point of view, the Cone Calorimeter introduces an additional evaluation which might be as arbitrary as that obtained with any other test. For example, melamine, which is currently used as a fire retardant in several polymers, may be considered as a fire‐hazardous additive in PP burned in the Cone Calorimeter if only the maximum of rate of heat release is considered. The data discussed here indicate that the use of the Cone Calorimeter for simple evaluation of materials requires further investigation. It is hown that the Cone Calorimeter is a very promising tool for mechanistic studies on combustion and fire retardance, when its potential in terms of quantitative description of the whole combustion is ful

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810190306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents the results of full‐scale fires in two private motor vehicles conducted under insturmented calorimeter hoods for the Channel Tunnel Safety Unit, Department of Transport. Measurements of heat release rate, temperatures and other parameters of fire severity are given. The results were used for the assessment of the specification and design of the shuttle wagons and in the subsequent computer modelling calculations to analyse the impact of such a fire within a shuttle wagon. The fires were well ventilated and allowed to develop fully before firefighting intervention. Of the two tests the first burned for 17 min with the gas temperature in the rig reaching 1250°C and with a peak total heat output of at least 7½ MW before being extinguished. The other burned for 57 min, with gas temperatures reaching 1125°C and a pead heat output of 4

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810190307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810190308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0308-0501    

DOI:10.1002/fam.810190301

出版商:John Wiley&Sons Ltd.    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY