摘要:

Because there is no uniform method of measuring the severity of sleep apnea, we compared respiratory indices calculated from airflow and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2) signals in 16 subjects during a night’s sleep. Airflow was measured with a loosely fitting pneumotachograph or thermister and the following indices calculated manually: (1) total apneas (A) and hypopneas (H); (2) A and H per hour of sleep; (3) total A H time; (4) average duration of A H episodes, and (5) A H index (the product of 2 and 4). SaO2 was measured with a Hewlett-Packard ear oximeter and the following indices calculated with a microcomputer: (6) total number of desaturation (D) episodes; (7) D episodes per hour of sleep; (8) average maximum D; (9) D index (the product of 7 and 8); (10) SaO2 50 (1), and (11) SaO2 10(1). There was a significant correlation among all indices; the highest correlation was between total A and H and total D (r = 0.97). We conclude that SaO2 indices calculated with a microcomputer correlate well with flow indice

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194777

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In conscious sheep, we showed that intravenous infusion of copper sulfate produced a marked increase in pulmonary vascular resistance which was prevented by alpha-adrenergic blockade or catecholamine depletion. Because of these observations, we measured serum copper in 7 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension, and in 6 normal women. The 5 female patients had taken contraceptive and appetite-suppressant medication in the past. The mean serum copper level was significantly higher in patients with pulmonary hypertension, indicating that increased serum copper may be a cause or a marker of this entity.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194778

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Relation of threshold for perception of added inspiratory flow resistance to ventilatory and occlusion pressure response to hypercapnia during external flow-resistive loading was examined in 8 healthy volunteers and 14 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Occlusion pressure response to hypercapnia without the load and the threshold for perception were similar between normal subjects and patients. Occlusion pressure at end-tidal PCO2 of 60 mm Hg increased to 134 ± (SD)23.4% (p < 0.01) in normal subjects, but it did not change in patients (113.7 ± 25.3%). Occlusion pressure response to hypercapnia increased to 155.4 ± 60% (p < 0.05) during ventilatory loading in normal subjects but it did not change in patients (105.9 ± 33%). Inverse correlation between threshold values and changes after loading in occlusion pressure response to hypercapnia was seen in patients as well as in normal subjects. These results indicate in both normal subjects and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that occlusion pressure response to hypercapnia during the ventilatory loading includes signals from the higher central nervous system and that the lower the threshold, the higher the respiratory drive during the loaded ventilat

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194779

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied the possibility of inducing a bronchospasm by a cold stimulus (0°C) on the chest wall of normal subjects and those with bronchial lability. The stimulus is applied on areas in metameric connection with the bronchial tree. Modifications of MEF25, MEF50 and FEV1.0 before and after stimulation are surveyed. Positive bronchospasm indexes are pointed out in a large number of subjects with bronchial lability, while no obstructive bronchial response is found in normal subjects. The cold stimulus on the chest wall can therefore be considered as an aspecific stimulus producing bronchospasm. Some physiopathogenetic interpretations are suggested

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194780

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Aminophylline increases the contractile force of fatiguing muscles. The effects of aminophylline upon maximal exercise performance are not defined. 6 healthy men performed incremental bicycle ergometry before and after receiving intravenous aminophylline (6 mg/kg). Maximal oxygen uptake, maximum work rate, and maximum minute ventilation were unchanged following aminophylline. Heart rate measured at rest and at 50-watt increments of work rate was significantly increased following aminophylline (p < 0.03). The heart rate response to incremental exercise (Δ HR/ΔVO2) was unchanged by aminophylline. We conclude that aminophylline does not increase maximal exercise performance of healthy me

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194781

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to assess blood factors which might explain why some cigarette smokers develop airflow obstruction while others do not, we compared two groups of PiM phenotype volunteers matched for age, sex and total pack-years of cigarette smoking; one group had airflow obstruction and the other did not. Functional levels of alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha-2-M) and alpha-1-protease inhibitor (alpha-1-PI) were separately assessed by a protease binding procedure. Neutrophils were isolated from blood by counterflow centrifugation, and their elastase content was assayed with 3H-elastin-SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate). The obstructed and nonobstructed groups were not different with respect to functional or immunoreactive levels of alpha-1-PI and alpha-2-M or elastase levels in their neutrophils. We do not find imbalances of circulating elastase or antielastase levels in PiM phenotype smokers with airflow obstruction.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194782

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 9 asthmatic patients log(dose)-response curves were obtained on 4 successive days with the Wiesbadener Doppelinhalator (WDI) and the De Vilbiss (De V) 645 nebulizer, respectively. log(dose)-response was expressed as a quadratic regression equation. From those equations the dose, causing a fall in response (FEV1) of 10% of the initial value, was obtained and defined as the provocative concentration (PC(10)) or sensitivity. Moreover, the reactivity was defined as the slope of the linear regression through the steeper part of the curve. Although we compared the De V and the WDI log(dose)-response curves after correction for the different liquid output, a significantly greater sensitivity was found for the De V nebulizer. As to the reactivity, no significant differences were found. The difference in sensitivity could perhaps be explained by the fact that, as compared with the De V nebulizer, the WDI may cause a larger deposition of aerosol on the throat and the pharynx, due to the much greater linear velocity of its aerosol jet.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194783

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of autologous alveolar macrophages on the lymphoproliferative response to mitogens was investigated using Calmette-Guérin bacillus (BCG)-immunized rats. The proliferation of lymphocytes obtained from normal rats was suppressed when the lymphocytes were cultured with alveolar macrophages at any proportion, but there was an enhancement in the lymphoproliferative response when the lymphocytes from BCG-immunized rats were incubated with alveolar macrophages at the ratio of 100:1. The supernatant of alveolar macrophage cultures from both normal and BCG-immunized rats showed a suppressive effect on lymphocytes while the supernatant of lymphocyte-alveolar macrophage cultures from BCG-immunized rats enhanced the lymphoproliferation. The results indicate that there are soluble factors elaborated by alveolar macrophages which have opposite effects on lymphoproliferation, and that these factors may be involved in the development of the hyperimmune state of the lung in tuberculosis

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194784

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to assess the importance of circulating interferons and immune complexes as hypothetical mediators of some immune derangements observed in sarcoidosis, we evaluated serum interferon and immune complex levels in 45 patients with active disease. In none of our patients could circulating interferon be detected, suggesting that an infectious (viral) etiology is very unlikely, and that a great difference exists between sarcoidosis and true autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, circulating immune complexes could be found in 64.4% of our patients. A good correlation could be found with disease stage and duration, but only with 67Ga lung scan among other activity indexes.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194785

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

10 patients with reversible bronchospasm received by the oral route in a double-blind fashion broxaterol, Z. 1170, 0.250 and 0.500 mg in comparison with salbutamol 4 mg as base and a placebo. Measurements of FEV1, heart rate and arterial pressure were performed before and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 h after each treatment. Z. 1170 was followed by increases in FEV1 over the baseline and the placebo values that were significant up to the 4th hour with the 0.500 mg dose, up to the 2nd hour with the 0.250 mg dose. The difference between the effects of the two dose levels of Z. 1170 was significant, and the effect of the 0.500 mg dose was not significantly different from that of salbutamol 4 mg. The maximum increments in FEV1 following Z. 1170 averaged 15.8% for the 0.250 mg dose, 24.3% for 0.500 mg dose, and they were recorded at the 2nd hour. At this time point the mean increment in FEV1 following salbutamol was 18.0%. The maximum increments in FEV1, with salbutamol averaged 18.7% and were recorded at the 1st hour. At this time the mean increments for Z. 1170 0.250 and 0.500 mg were 13.8 and 20.0%, respectively. Heart rate and arterial pressure did not show any changes of clinical significance.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194786

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1985

数据来源: Karger