摘要:

The alveolar-arterial O2 pressure difference (AaDo2) is composed of three parts which depend on inhomogeneities of the ventilation-perfusion ratio (AaDdistr. 1), on size and distribution of the diffusing capacity-perfusion ratio (AaDdistr. 2), and on the effect of the shunt perfusion (AaDsh). These three parts can be calculated for normal, hypoxic and hyperoxic breathing conditions if the inhomogeneities of the function parameters and the size of the shunt perfusion are known. The calculation based on experimental data in 28 healthy subjects shows the following results: (1) Under hypoxic breathing conditions the AaDaistr. 2 due to diffusion dominates. However, even at alveolar O2 pressures below 45 mm Hg the AaDdistr. 1 must not be ignored. (2) Under normal breathing conditions AaDaistr. 1 and AaDsh each contributes approximately 8 mm Hg. In healthy subjects the AaDdistr. 2 may be ignored and will under pathological conditions become relevant only if the diffusing capacity-perfusion ratio is below 3 -10-3 mm Hg-1. (3) Under hyperoxic breathing conditions the AaDsh is predominant. However, even with the inhalation of pure oxygen, the AaDdistr. 1 contributes 10% of the total AaDo2. (4) When evaluating the methods of measurement of the O2 diffusing capacity and of the shunt perfusion the inhomogeneities of ventilation, perfusion and diffusion must be considered.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193739

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A simple method of obtaining objective information consists in recording numerical information of the counts in each lung. Albumin macroaggregates labeled with 99Tcm and a gamma camera with a data processor were used.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193740

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Studies were undertaken to determine the effect of several adrenergic compounds on ciliary activity and on the micromorphology of the goblet cells and mucous glands. All the substances tested, L-adrenaline, d-L-ephedrine, N-isopropylnoradrenaline and 1-(4-amino-3,5-dichlorphenyl)-2-tert-butyl-aminoethanol-HCl increased ciliary activity, but have markedly different effects on goblet cells, mucous glands and on the quality of the produced mucus.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193741

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Respiratory hypersensitivity and systemic effects after local application of Ascaris suum extract on the segmental bronchus and after its intravenous infusion are studied on four boxer dogs. Influence of ipsilateral vagus blockade on the respiratory hyperreactivity after intrabronchial application of ascaris was also investigated on the same dogs. Ascaris extract was applied in liquid form directly through a catheter into the right segmental bronchus. Egg albumin was applied in the same way for control. Local application of ascaris was repeated after ipsilateral central vagus blockade and once more after recovering vagus effect by lavage. At the end of the experiments ascaris extract was infused intravenously. The parameters studied were: ΔPoes mm Hg/100 ml TV (as a measurement of flow resistance in the airways), respiratory rates, arterial blood gases and pH, heart frequency, systemic blood pressure and histamine concentration per milliliter of plasma. All the animals presented a remarkable respiratory distress with local ascaris application, which could be clearly avoided with ipsilateral central vagus blockade. This respiratory hyperreacitvity was not observed after intravenous infusion of ascaris extract, but a significant systemic effect, which was not the case after local application, could be observed

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193742

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to determine the incidence of bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with other types of pulmonary pathology, 586 in-patients, out-patients and controls were examined during the period 1968–1970 in Baguley Hospital, Manchester, England. It was found that from the 344 in-patients and out-patients with other pulmonary pathology, 6 had a definite diagnosis of allergic aspergillosis. 1 had pulmonary aspergilloma while 53 other patients demonstrated some evidence of bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. These 53 patients had insufficient criteria to be classified in one of the recognised forms of aspergillosis. The number of controls examined was 242, none of whom were found to have allergic or other forms of aspergillosis. Eleven of these had a positive immediate skin test the other tests being negative. In addition to the above groups 534 patients with bronchial asthma, attending the out-patient department, were investigated with multiple intradermal tests, including Aspergillus fumigatus. Positive intradermal. Aspergillus test was found in 130 of the patients with bronchial asthma. This investigation showed that the bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is more prevalent in patients with a pulmonary disease than in persons without this patholog

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193743

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A method is described for determining the thread-forming property (‘Spinn-barkeit’) of tracheobronchial secretions. With this method it was observed that adrenergic compounds increase the length of the mucus threads by an average of 154% whereas mucolytic agents caused an average decrease of 63 % in the length of the mucus thre

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193744

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

2 cases of interstitial fibrosis of the Hamman-Rich type are presented. The patients were symptomatic, but had normal X-rays. They were suspected of having interstitial infiltration by pulmonary function tests. Diagnosis was confirmed by lung biopsy. Pulmonary function tests, especially the study of elastic properties of the lung, can be of primary help in the diagnosis of pulmonary interstitial infiltration and fibrosis when the patient’s X-ray is norma

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193745

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A bubble method was used to record dynamic area/surface tension diagrams of mixed lecithin-cholesterol films prepared at different weight ratios. The lecithin/cholesterol weight ratios were: 1:2, 1:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1 and 12:1. The minimum surface tension is about 20 dyn/cm for all weight ratios at amplitudes of 75, 25, 12.5, 6 and 3% area oscillation. The maximum surface tension depends on both the amplitude of area oscillation and the lecithin/cholesterol weight ratio. The maximum surface tension increases with increasing amplitude. At the amplitudes 25, 12.5, 6 and 3% the maximum surface tension is significant higher at the weight ratios 1:2 and 1:1 compared to the other ratios. In addition, equilibrium surface tensions during interruptions of the oscillation at maximum and minimum area were recorded. The equilibrium surface tension increases with increasing amplitude up to 25% area oscillation. A static hysteresis seems to remain. Some consequences regarding the pulmonary respiratory mechanics are discussed.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193746

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A technique and an original apparatus for recording and displaying the sound levels emitted by human lungs during respiratory movements are described. By means of it a graphic recording of chest acoustics can be obtained. An analysis of the phonopneumographic findings shows clear differences between normal and pathological readings, both in the level of the sounds and in their frequency content. Evidence is given of cases in which the physician can directly recognize the presence of special diseases. Beside this, FPGraphic representations are also useful for retaining evidence of findings which cannot be recorded by other methods, and for checking the natural evolution of a disease or its response to clinical treatments.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193747

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1976

数据来源: Karger