摘要:

The effects of repeated exercise-induced bronchospasm on nonspecific (nonallergenic) bronchial responsiveness (NSBR) to histamine were studied in 12 asthmatic patients (6 F, 6 M). Baseline NSBR, determined by the provocative concentration of histamine giving a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20), ranged from 0.41 to 10.2 mg/ml (geometric mean ± SD: 2.6 ± 2.5). Each subject performed three consecutive exercises on the ergometer for 6 min at 70% of their VO2 max. Each test was preceded and followed by a histamine inhalation test (HIT). On a control day, 4 HIT were done at 1 h interval, without intercurrent exercise. A significant reduction in histamine responsiveness was observed on control day from the first to the fourth HIT. On exercise day, a mean percent fall in FEV1 of 19.4 ± 12.9, 16.2 ± 12.2 and 15.8 ± 12.7 was observed after the three consecutive exercises but no significant difference could be found between the four PC20 measurements. Four subjects showed refractoriness to the second exercise and no change in the bronchial response to histamine was observed during the refractory period. In conclusion, (1) repeated exercises do not change NSBR; (2) the refractory period after exercise is not due to a change in NSBR, and (3) a tachyphylaxis to histamine occurs in some subjects after repeated inhalations of hist

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000195332

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ageing of the lung function in 5 years was studied in a group of 140 ironore miners, aged initially from 36 to 55 years. These men had no respiratory symptom and no pulmonary radiological abnormality. The sample was stratified on age and smoking. These factors were studied by a two-way analysis of variance. Lung function testing was performed twice, at 5 years of interval, in the same conditions. It consisted in: spirometry (for measuring FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC); a bronchial challenge test with acetylcholine (measurement of the fall of FEV1 after the test); measurement of total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV) by the open-circuit helium dilution method, and measurement of the transfer factor of the lung for CO, by the steady-state method (TCO/V). The only indices, whose values significantly changed in 5 years were: FVC, FEV1 and TCO/V. Their decrease rate did not appear to be significantly linked to age nor to smoking. According to these results, it seems that the decline of the pulmonary function is relatively constant during the middle period of life and that it is not strongly influenced by smoking, but only among subjects who remain without any respiratory symptom

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000195333

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to find a physiological parameter which discriminates between the predominance of inflammation or fibrosis, pulmonary function tests and open lung biopsy were performed on 19 patients with interstitial lung disease. Our results showed that the only test which may be useful is the dynamic lung compliance/quasi-static lung compliance (Cdyn/Cst) index. In this context, values equal or lower than 0.85 of the Cdyn/Cst index indicate that inflammation predominates, and values higher than 0.85 suggest that interstitial fibrosis is the main feature

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000195334

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The wash-in time (twi), defined as time until gaseous equilibrium between lungs and spirometer is reached during helium dilution rebreathing, and cumulative inspired volume (CIV) ventilated during this time were measured in 64 healthy children (30 boys and 34 girls, aged 6.5–14.7 years). The interrelationship between twi, CIV, respiratory frequency, tidal volume and lung growth was studied. Functional residual capacity (FRC) was compared with the plethysmographically determined thoracic gas volume. CIV is linearly related to standing height, and the ratio CIV/FRC is an age-independent constant (5.05 ± 0.75). twi was found to be multilinearly dependent of standing height and minute ventilation. A close relationship was found between FRC and thoracic gas volume (r = 0.94). It is concluded that FRC determination in children with lung disease should be standardized with respect to the predicted age-dependent twi for hel

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000195335

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Seven patients suffering from amiodarone-induced pneumonitis were followed after diagnosis over a period of 16 ± 6 months. All of them showed clinical, radiographic and functional manifestations of interstitial lung disease. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on 6 of them and disclosed lymphocytosis in 2 cases (associated to eosinophilia in 1 of them), neutrophilia in 1 and normal differential count in 2. In 1 case there were abundant hemosiderin-laden macrophages. In addition, all patients evidenced an increased 67Ga lung scan uptake. After discontinuation of amiodarone therapy (with or without corticosteroid therapy), 67Ga lung uptake normalized in 3 cases, but remained increased in 3. Bronchoalveolar lavage was repeated only in 2 cases, showing disappearance of lymphocytosis in one and abundant hemosiderin-laden macrophages in the other. Our results suggest that (1) hemosiderin-laden macrophages can be found in bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with amiodarone-induced pneumonitis, probably related to subclinical chronic left-sided heart failure; (2) 67Ga lung scan appears to be a sensitive marker of amiodarone pneumonitis, although it can remain abnormal after pulmonary clinical, radiographic and functional normalizatio

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000195336

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Abnormalities of lung function have previously been described in patients with impaired αrprotease inhibitor (α1-PI) function and more recently in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that impaired α1-PI activity may be implicated in the pathogenesis of lung function abnormalities in young insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Twelve young (16.23 ± 4.51 years), non-smoking insulin-dependent diabetic subjects and 12 reference subjects were evaluated in respect of lung mechanics, absolute serum α1-PI levels and the functional ability of .αi-PI to inhibit elastase. Results of the ventilatory mechanics showed that the mean value for the volume-independent index of lung elasticity Kst(L) was significantly greater in the diabetic group (0.149 ± 0.05 vs. 0.116 ± 0.03; p < 0.05). The absolute serum α1-PI levels in the insulin-dependent diabetic subjects was significantly lower than in reference subjects (1.74 ± 0.11 vs. 2.06 ± 0.09 g/l; p < 0.05). While the specific α1-PI activity of the diabetic sera showed no significant difference from that of the reference sera, the total α1-PI inhibitory activity in the diabetic sera was significantly lower than reference values (201.9 ± 9.7 vs. 246.9 ± 13.5 U/L; p < 0.02). Although these findings indicate impairment of both ventilatory mechanics and α1-PI activity in the insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, the pathogenesis of these findings and their functional implications are at

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000195337

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 61 patients with chronic hepatic insufficiency parameters of regulation of ventilation, mechanics of breathing and gas exchange were determined pre and in 16 patients post liver transplantation. Preoperatively disturbances of control with increased central respiratory drive resulting in chronic hyperventilation and maladaptation of perfusion to ventilation were found. Successful liver transplantation resulted in regression of these disturbances to different degrees. We therefore conclude that disturbances of respiration in patients with chronic hepatic insufficiency are reversible after successful liver transplantation

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000195338

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Behçet syndrome in association with pulmonary manifestations is rare. We describe a patient suffering from recurrent oral and genital ulcerations, conjunctivitis, thrombophlebitis and fluctuating radiological opacities in the lungs who died after massive haemoptysis. The autopsy showed a necrotizing vasculitis involving pulmonary arteries, muscular arteries and veins. It was complicated by arterial thromboses, bronchial erosions by pulmonary artery aneurysms and formation of a large arterobronchial fistula. We conclude that the spread of the inflammatory infiltrate from the wall of the vessels to the adjacent bronchi is responsible for these complications and that haemoptysis must be considered as the expression of dramatic progression of the diseas

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000195339

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000195340

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000195341

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1987

数据来源: Karger