摘要:

It may be possible to describe and diagnose 4 lung diseases of the group CNSLD by laboratory data only, by computer, apart and separated from physician’s diagnosis. Recording of concentration curves of expired gases yield 4 lung parameter values: He1•5, MHe, RHe, RCO2. These, together with 8 other parameter values: FEVC, FEV1 % FEVC, M1 (= FEV1%FIV1%), MVV30/ FIVC, FRC % TLC, RV % TLC, DLCO/body surface area, reversibility of FEV1, and 3 administrative data: age, season and sex, form 15 ‘symptoms’, used together with ‘a priori probability’ to compute diagnosis of (A) asthma bronchiale, (B) bronchitis asthmatica, (C) bronchitis chronica and (E) emphysema pulmonum, from 703 patients in one clinic. The numerical values of the symptoms are grouped in symptom classes. By using chi-square test, Wilcoxon test, and T (=Δ/SE/Δ) test with and without classes, each disease (A, B, C or E) significantly differed in at least 7, 8, 8 and 10 symptoms, respectively, (on the average 12) from the other and in at least 11 symptoms from normal condition. Rank lists for discriminative properties of the symptoms show the importance of the gas concentration curve parameters RCO2, RHe, MHe and He1•5 and also of the parameters: reversibility an

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000192819

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The interaction between breathing flow and breathing organs causes a phase shifting between pressure and volume rate of change. Therefore, impedance, power and work of breathing may be decomposed into a dissipative and a reactive component. These are determined by integration over one cycle of breathing. If breathing is varied, so called ‘locus diagrams’ representing the load behaviour of breathing organs are plotted from these components. According to linear laws of flow, impedance would depend upon frequency only. An additional dependence upon amplitude will point to nonlinearit

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000192820

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A follow-up study of 93 patients with CNSLD over a period of 7.5-10 years disclosed a death rate of 18.3 % (17 patients). Patients with a largely reversible bronchial obstruction (paroxysmal bronchial asthma) proved to show the lowest death rate. 4 (10.8 %) died, of whom only 2 (5.4 %) as a result of their illness. It proved possible to divide the patients with irreversible bronchial obstruction into 2 categories: a group with normal blood gas values at rest and during exercise, and a group with chronic hypoxia. In the former group, 3 patients died (13.6 %), of whom 2 (9.1%) as a result of their illness. In the latter group there were 10 deaths (38.5 %), of which 9 (34.6 %) were due to the disease. Factors determining the prognosis were identified as: chronic hypoxia and especially chronic hypercapnia, ECG changes and signs of decompensation of the right heart. Less important factors in this respect are ventilatory parameters of pulmonary function (VC, FEV1, RV and unequal ventilation). Measurements of the carbon monoxide diffusing capacity by techniques ensuring optimal independence of unequal ventilation showed that the diffusing capacity has no effect on the prognosis.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000192821

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Part I reports pulmonary function and clinical measurements of 222 patients with ankylosing spondylitis, before and after physical therapy, to quantify thoracic impairment and to evaluate therapeutic effect. Vital capacity and forced expiratory volume remained virtually unchanged; cervical extensibility, lumbar flexibility, and chest expansion improved significantly. Part II reports findings in 25 patients and 25 age-matched normal subjects. The linear momentum of breathing was measured, from which the respiratory muscle balance (rib-cage vs. abdominal breathing) was derived. During normal breathing in supine position the mean diaphragmatic contribution to a tidal volume was 84.8 ± 3.3% SE in the patients and 68.4 ± 1.5% in the normal subjects. In 3 patients with severe ankylosis of cervical and thoracic vertebrae there was paradoxical movement of the chest, resulting in a diaphragmatic contribution of > 100%. An understanding of respiratory muscle function is essential to the formulation of rational physical therapy for patients with such condition

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000192822

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The ventilatory function of rectus and oblique abdominis muscles was studied by means of surface electromyography in 14 patients with severe obstructive lung disease and 9 healthy control subjects. While the control subjects did not use the abdominal muscles in sitting position at rest, one third of the patients showed an active expiration and half of them a continuous activity already during quiet spontaneous breathing. During voluntary hyperventilation mobilized the majority of the patients the abdominal muscles at the mean ventilatory rate of 22.9 l/min in comparison with control subjects who did not activate their muscles until the ventilation increased beyond 50 l/min. Both muscles contracted in the course of slow expiration of vital capacity, significantly earlier in the patients than in the controls. Also, the antagonist inspiratory activity on abdominal muscles during maximal inspiration of VC and hyperventilation was more pronounced in the patients. It is concluded that in the patients with severe emphysema the abdominal muscles are mobilized more readily during different ventilatory manoeuvres and even at rest than in the healthy subjects.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000192823

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 20 patients with proved allergic asthma we investigated the protective action of orciprenaline on bronchial obstruction caused by inhalation of antigen aerosols. In 10 bakers with bronchial obstruction after inhalation of antigen aerosol no subject showed an obstruction when orciprenaline was inhaled previously. In another group of 10 patients (different ubiquitous antigens) only 3 showed a slight increase of airway resistance but lesser than without orciprenaline. After previous inhalation with orciprenaline mostly neither a bronchospasm nor hypersecretion or mucous edema is detectable as bronchial obstruction.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000192824

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

4 different methods of nasal oxygen insufflation were studied in healthy adults and patients with broncho-pulmonary diseases: (1) O2-delivery by short double nasal catheter; (2) O2-delivery by short single nasal catheter; (3) O2-delivery by long nasopharyngeal catheter; (4) O2-delivery by short nasal catheter with compress (method of Poulsen). Results. In healthy adults and in hypoxemic patients the methods 3 and 4 yielded significantly higher values of arterial pO2 (application of 2 and 41 O2/min than the methods 1 and 2. Method 4, however, showed optimal oxygen delivery in combination with optimal humidification and warming of gas and should be prefe-red. A paradoxical fall of arterial pO2 during nasal oxygen administration is caused by augmented tidal and minute volume. This phenomena is demonstrated and discussed.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000192825

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The influence of tuberculin injected intracutaneously (i.e.) and subcutaneously (s.c.) and inhaled in aerosols has been studied. Correlation between impaired ventilation after inhalation of histamine and tuberculin aerosols, and between the diameter of the skin reactions to tuberculin and ventilatory impairment after inhalation of tuberculin aerosolwas calculated.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000192826

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1971

数据来源: Karger