摘要:

The behavior of pulmonary resistance (Rl) and that of dynamic compliance (Cdyn) as functions of respiratory frequency (f) were compared in normal subjects and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although both RL and Cdyn varied with f in most COPD patients and in some normal subjects, Cdyn appeared to be more sensitive than Rl to variations of frequency; no significant changes in Rl could be demonstrated in subjects in whom Cdyn was frequency dependent. The degree of frequency dependence of Cdyn was correlated with the severity of respiratory impairment (as quantified by conventional pulmonary function tests); in contrast, Rl was not detectably frequency dependent in some subjects with advanced COPD. Compared with Cdyn, Rl was more commonly nonlinearly related to respiratory frequency, often increasing at high breathing rates. Our results indicate that changes in RL with frequency are less predictable and more difficult to detect than the corresponding changes in Cdyn.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194532

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Static and dynamic lung volumes, flow-volume curve in air and after He-O2 were carried out in 5 normal subjects baseline, immediately after rapid infusion of 2 litres of normal saline, and then 15, 30 and 60 min after. At the end of the infusion, a marked reduction of ΔMEF50, FVC, FEV1, MEF50, MEF25 and an increase of Viso V and CV/VC were observed in all the subjects. The poor response to He-O2 suggests a predominant increase of small airway resistance after rapid infusion. In the recovery phase, He-O2 tests promptly returned to control values, while an increased CV/VC was detectable until 30 min after the infusion

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194533

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Responsiveness to anticholinergic bronchodilators was assessed in 19 atopic and in 36 non-atopic asthmatics of comparable mean age and basal FEV1. Atopic subjects had a significantly lower degree of responsiveness (p < 0.01).When the 19 atopic subjects were matched for FEV1 and age with 19 non-atopic subjects (selected from the group of 36) the difference in responsiveness to anticholinergic drugs was still evident (p < 0.01). Atopic status thus appears to have a significant effect on bronchial reactivity to inhaled anticholinergic drugs.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194534

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Oral ketotifen (Zaditen®) 1 mg twice daily was compared with inhaled disodium cromoglycate (DSCG; Lomudal®) 20 mg four times a day in an open study with two matched groups of patients treated for protection against allergen-induced bronchoconstriction. 9 patients were treated with ketotifen and 9 patients with DSCG for 4 weeks. The comparison of the differences between the mean values at provocation, at the start of the study, and after a 4-week drug treatment shows that the drugs are equally effective on the forced expiratory volume at 1 s. Ketotifen is less effective on the vital capacity than DSCG. Patients’ and investigator’s assessment of tolerability and efficacy of the two therapies were similar. It is concluded that ketotifen is as effective as DSCG in protecting asthmatic patients antigen bronchial challenge and is tolerated as well a

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194535

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Reduction in non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity has been reported in atopic asthmatic patients as a consequence of long-term treatment with sodium cromoglycate. As bronchial hyperreactivity is an undesirable feature in other forms of obstructive airways disease, we examined the effect of regular treatment with sodium cromoglycate (20 mg, 4 times daily, for 30 days) in a group of non-atopic bronchitic subjects who showed a significant bronchoconstrictor response to the inhalation of ultrasonically nebulised distilled water (fog challenge). After 30 days treatment with sodium cromoglycate, there was a significant reduction in response to fog challenge, compared with pre-treatment values. There was a washout period of 12 h between the administration of the last dose of sodium cromoglycate and the second fog challenge. The possible mechanisms involved and the clinical significance of these findings are discussed.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194536

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

65 patients with interstitial lung diseases were subdivided into two groups: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other interstitial pulmonary diseases (OIP) according to histopathological, immunological and follow-up findings. Arterial blood gases and pulmonary hemodynamics at rest and during steady-state exercise were compared in these two groups (IPF= 31 patients, OIP= 34 patients). The resting PaO2 was significantly lower in the IPF group (p < 0.001l) and regularly worsened during exercise in this group (from 69.6 ± 11.6 to 56.0 ± 9.4 mm Hg, p < 0.001 whereas it did not vary significantly in the OIP group (from 79.2 ± 13.1 to 75.3 ± 14.1 mm Hg, NS). Pulmonary artery mean pressure (Ppa) was higher in the IPF group (p < O.OOl) as were all indices of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). During exercise, PPA markedly increased in the IPF group (from 21.7 ± 7.8 to 45.3 ± 16.2 mm Hg) but modestly in the OIP group (from 15.5 ± 3.7 to 28.3 ± 9.8 mm Hg). The best relationships were found between Ppa, PVR and PaO2, which suggests that pulmonary arterial hypertension in these diseases is not only due to anatomical factors but also to alveolar and arterial hypoxia. Arterial blood gases and pulmonary hemodynamics at rest and during exercise may be of interest for the discrimination of’true’ interstitial fibrosis (IPF) from other interstitial lung dis

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194537

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have studied defensive reflexes in the ferret. As for the mouse, this species lacks a cough reflex on mechanical stimulation of the tracheal mucosa, and this may be related to the lack of nerves and mucus-secreting cells in the tracheal epithelia of these species. The bronchial cough reflex is similar to that of guinea pigs and rabbits, and the laryngeal reflexes are similar to those in rats

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194538

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A 44-year-old woman presented with a systemic illness characterized by a rash, polyarthritis and hypothyroidism. She later developed angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AIL) which became progressively resistant to chemotherapy. Pulmonary features were prominent throughout her illness and included pleural effusions, hilar adenopathy and parenchymal infiltrates. Lung histology showed a transition from nonspecific chronic inflammation with fibrosis to a polymorphic cellular infiltrate typical of AIL. Immunological features included a low C3 level, hypogammaglobulinaemia and depressed cell-mediated immunity

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194539

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A patient with polymyositis and dermatomyositis presented initially with lung involvement. He failed to respond to steroids and subsequently had an excellent clinical response to steroids and azathioprine. Azathioprine may be useful in the treatment of polymyositis and dermatomyositis when patients are not responsive to steroids

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194540

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The treatment for pneumothorax varies from invasive chest tube drainage to conservative management with bed rest. Based on the behavior of gases in closed body cavities, the inhalation of supplemental oxygen hastens absorption of the pneumothorax. To evaluate oxygen as a therapeutic agent, we treated 8 patients with pneumothoraces of various degrees with a high concentration of inspired oxygen delivered by a partial rebreathing mask. Periodic roentgenograms were used to measure the change in size of pneumothorax in order to assess the rate of resolution. 6 patients with pneumothoraces of less than 30% showed a mean resolution rate of 4.2% per day with reduction to one-third original size in the first 72 h. This was more than three times the rate of resolution (1.25% per day) previously reported with breathing room air alone. In 2 patients who initially received a lower concentration of inspired oxygen via nasal cannula, the rate of absorption increased after placing them on a partial rebreathing mask. 2 patients with four episodes of pneumothoraces greater than 30% did not benefit from this form of therapy and eventually needed chest tube drainage. We conclude that the administration of high concentrations of inspired oxygen is an effective method to enhance the rate of resolution of pneumothoraces, particularly when smaller than 30%, thereby reducing morbidity and duration of hospitalization and avoiding invasive drainage procedures.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194541

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1983

数据来源: Karger