摘要:

By using the FEV1 and the FVC to calculate the FEV/FVC2× 100, an index of non-obstructive ventilatory impairment is obtained. Theindex identifies patients with restrictive lung disease, and high values indicate severe restriction. When combined obstruction and restriction are present, high values reflect the restrictive component. The application of the index to 4,358 screened subjects suggests that with ageing there is non-obstructive ventilatory dysfunction which affects females more than male

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193102

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In persons with healthy lungs and in patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema, the distribution of ventilation within the lung was assessed by the wash-out and wash-in technique. The evaluation process is designed to enable determination of relative values of ventilation in two functionally uniform lung compartments. A distinction of more than two compartments in the lung is not possible on the basis of wash-in and wash-out studies. Distribution of blood perfusion was estimated from these data and from O2 consumption and arterial O2 saturation. In some healthy subjects, the arterial O2 saturation predicted on the basis of wash-in studies and the assumption of even perfusion is identical with the measured value; in cases where the predicted O2 saturation differs with the measured value there, the less-ventilated alveoli must be underperfused with blood. The discrepancy in the predicted and observed arterial O2 saturation in some emphysema subjects could mean that the poorly ventilated alveoli are contrary relative overperfused with blood

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193103

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Respiratory function was studied in 44 cases of sarcoidosis. Patients were classified into several groups depending on radiological findings. There was little correlation between functional abnormality and radiological change until advanced parenchymal infiltration occurred. The most common findings were lowered forced vital capacity, total lung capacity, diffusing capacity, and dynamic compliance. Significant correlations were found between diffusing capacity and forced vital capacity, diffusing capacity and total lung capacity, and between arterial oxygen tension and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec. There were no significant correlations between diffusing capacity and arterial oxygen tension or between diffusing capacity and dynamic compliance. Evidence of diffuse expiratory airway obstruction in 13 sarcoid patients who did not smoke is assumed to be due to peri-bronchiolar peripheral airway involvement

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193104

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The experiments on dogs show that the bronchoconstriction after acetylcholine inhalation is caused by a reflex mechanism mediated via sensory receptors and N. vagi. Blockade of the N. vagi with low concentration of Novocain does not affect tidal volume and frequency but blocks the acetylcholine-induced bronchoconstriction. Higher concentration of Novocain, like vagotomy, also decreases the breathing frequency and increases the tidal volume.The arterial blood gases following acetylcholine inhalation are probably more influenced by the changes on the peripheral airways than by the influence on the more central airways which are more important for the airway resistance

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193105

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effect of a selective β2-stimulant (Salbutamol) on ciliary rate was tested in an isolated intact pulmonary airway preparation. The increments in ciliary rate tosuccessive log doses of the drug (10-8-1042-4 m) took thesform of a dose-response curve. It has been suggested that sympathomímetics exert their effect through the adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system, which is dependent on the stimula-tion of β-receptor sites. The increment of ciliary rate in response to increasing doses of salbutamol is, therefore, most likely a function ofβ-receptor stimula

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193106

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The quantitative, semiquantitative, and morphological examinations of the bronchi and the analysis of dust of the lungs in 139 cases of sudden deaths showed the following results.(a) In the healthy mucous membrane of the bronchi, the proportion of goblet cells to ciliated cells was about 1:20; in the case of a severe chronic bronchitis, about 1:4. I (b) For the histological diagnosis of the chronic bronchitis, the numerical augmentation of goblet cells, the increase of the mucous parts of the bronchial mucous membrane and the density and expansion of round cells are reliable criteria. The thickness of the basement membrane of the bronchial wall as histological criterion for the chronic bronchitis could not be confirmed. (c) As endogen and exogen factors, which influence the rise, development, and deterioration of chronic bronchitis cannot be marked off by histological methods, a statement about the importance of air pollution for chronic bronchitis was not possible

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193107

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A 41-year-old slender female who had led an active life presented with heart failure. Some months later she became comatose with severe hypercapnia and hypoxemia following a mild sedative and antihistaminic. Studies demonstrated normal respiratory and cardiac mechanics, a normal peripheral and an absent central chemoreceptor response. Ventilatory response to exercise was normal. Hypercapnia and hypoxemia were reversed by voluntary hyperventilation and became more severe during sleep. We suggest that central chemoreceptor function was damaged by bulbar poliomyelitis 20 years earlier. Overt cardio-respiratory failure did not become evident until the respiratory center had been further depressed by recent alcohol consumption and sedatives at night

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193108

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger