摘要:

The success of 3 different treatment regimens was compared in 15 patients with diffuse fibrosing alveolitis. Improvement or deterioration of lung function (vital capacity (VC) and PaO2 change during exercise) were used as a control of therapy. The combination of prednisolone and azathioprine proved to be most effective: in 4 of 6 patients both VC and PaO2 improved. Combinations with D-penicillamine resulted in a high number of unwanted side effects: in 5 of 13 treated patients it had to be withdrawn. 6 patients were treated with prednisolone alone; only 1 of them improved. Patients with a short duration of symptoms prior to therapy and initially mild impairment of lung function showed a higher degree of improvement during therapy. The consequence for the management of lung fibrosis is to establish diagnosis and treatment as early as possible.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194420

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Of 46 patients with sarcoidosis, there was an exposure to type III allergens in 14 subjects. On closer examination of 2 patients diagnosed as having sarcoidosis there were distinct features suggesting farmer’s lung too. Inhalative challenge recording airway resistance, CO transfer factor and other clinical features confirmed farmer’s lung disease in these patients. Because there are sometimes poor clinical and uncertain histological differences, inhalative challenge is considered an important diagnostic procedure to differentiate hypersensitivity pneumonitis from sarcoido

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194421

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

80 patients in three different institutions underwent transbronchial lung biopsy (TBB) through a fiberoptic bronchoscope to confirm the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. A positive tissue diagnosis was obtained in 50 (75%) patients. The diagnostic yields in radiographic stage I, stage II and stage III sarcoidosis were 55% (12 of 22), 80% (33 of 41), and 82% (14 of 17), respectively. When the results in patients with stage I sarcoidosis were reviewed in conjunction with abnormalities on pulmonary function studies only reduced functional residual capacity (FRC) was found to be associated with increased diagnostic yield (80%) on TBB. We conclude that except for patients with radiographic stage I disease and normal FRC, TBB is the procedure of choice in patients with sarcoidosis when readily accessible extrathoracic abnormalities are not present.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194422

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Static lung volumes, flow volume curve in air and in a helium-oxygen mixture, PaO2 18 mm Hg had significantlylower values of FEV1, FEV1/VC%, MEF50 and MEF25 in comparison with the patients withWP < 18 mm Hg. A negative correlation was found between both PAP and WP and MEF25 values (p < 0.001). After furosemide respiratory function tests improved only in patients with a good hemodynamic response to the drug. PaO2 didnot change significantly. Airflow response to helium seemed to be a useful test for determining the site of major bronchial compression.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194423

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Normovolemic hemodilution produced by isovolumetric venesection was done in 8 patients with polycythemia and respiratory failure secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The ‘deformability index’ was studied by means of a filtration technique. The blood flow velocity in ascending aorta and right pulmonary artery was also studied by means of ultrasonic Echo-Doppler technique. The procedure showed in all patients an increase of oxygen tension and a decrease of carbonic gas tension in arterial blood. At the same time it was possible to demonstrate an improvement of red cell deformability and an increase of arterial flow velocity. Isovolumetric venesection is an important procedure in the management of patients with polycythemia secondary to respiratory fail

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194424

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In vitro and in vivo reproterol showed intense spasmolytic effects upon the trachea and bronchi against various spasm-including agents (histamine, acetylcholine, acetyl-β-methylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, BaCl2). A comparative study with various drugs used in the treatment of asthma (isoprenaline, metaproterenol, salbutamol, clenbuterol, papaverine and atropine) has been conducted

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194425

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Continuous phentolamine infusion for 3 days in 6 patients with severe chronic bronchial obstruction produced a marked improvement in subjective well-being and arterial blood gas values. Ventilatory function and pulmonary arterial pressure remained virtually unchanged but a chronic oral corticosteroid therapy could be substantially reduced during 4 weeks of oral treatment with phentolamine 100 mg three times daily.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194426

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The bronchodilating effects of a metered aerosol dose of 40 μg ipratropium bromide and of 200 μg oxitropium bromide are similar 15 min after administration. The bronchodilating activity of ipratropium bromide appears earlier (i.e. 75–90 s after administration) than that of oxitropium bromide but later than that of ibuterol, a β2-agonist. Ipratropium bromide administered at the dose of 80 μg provokes a bronchodilation about double of that obtained with 40 μg. An adaptation of the usual dosage should be cons

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194427

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Airway resistance (Rt) and intrathoracic gas volume (IGV) were measured every month for 1 year between August 1978 and July 1979 in 9 female und 9 male volunteers. The outside temperatures on the corresponding dates were also noted. Both groups showed in the mean a statistically significant increase of Rt and a light fall of IGV during the winter (January). The specific airway resistance (SRt = Rt × IGV) showed the same trend of statistically significant higher values of SRt (p < 0.005) during the winter. Then declined and reached a plateau which was in both groups slightly above that of the previous summer. The correlation coefficients between outside temperature and airway resistance for individual volunteers as well as for the group as a whole were statistically significant

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194428

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied the frequency of changes in maximal mid-expiratory flow rate (MMF) in 32 nonsmokers and 22 smokers with diffuse interstitial lung disease (DILD) and in 36 healthy nonsmoking control subjects. Supernormal MMF to total lung capacity (TLC) and MMF to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratios ( > 120% of predicted) were significantly more common in nonsmokers with DILD than in healthy nonsmokers, but the prevalence of supernormal forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1) to FVC ratios was similar. In non-smokers with DILD, a supernormal MMF/TLC ratio was associated with a significantly greater static lung recoil pressure (Pst) and a tendency toward a higher maximal expiratory flow to Pst ratio than in normals, suggesting that the increased MMF is due to the combined effects of increased driving pressure for flow and reduced resistance in peripheral airways.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194429

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger