摘要:

In 50 female patients (age: 16.2 + 5.1 years) with idiopathic scoliosis (COBB: 67 ± 21°) 40 variables of lung function and spiroergometry as well as of scoliosis were investigated by means of factor analysis, Nine factors were found the variables of which correlated significantly with each other also after eliminating the influence of all other variables. The relations between the first three factors were not plausible and therefore they were not subjected to interpretation. Another three factors yielded relations well known in the field of clinical respiratory physiology and sport medicine, e. g. the positive correlation between arterial pO2 during physical work and pulmonary diffusion capacity, or the negative correlation between resting heart rate and maximal aerobic capacity. In the last three factors essential new results were found: (1) The maximal aerobic capacity does not correlate with the reduced actual values for vital capacity or total capacity but with the antropometric data. (2) There is no causal dependence between the degree of scoliosis and any of the lung function or spiroergometric parameters.Conclusions: (1) From the degree of scoliosis one cannot draw conclusions about the quality of lung function. The often described significance of the negative, direct, single linear correlation between degrees Cobb and vital capacity may be interpreted only as an expression of simultaneity, not of causality. (2) In spite of the often abnormal mechanics of thorax and lungs, the respiration in scoliotic patients, functions as in healthy subjects considering the oxygenization of the blood and the supply of O2 to the organism during rest and exercise. Therefore, a reduced aerobic capacity is not the consequence of scoliosis in most patients, but the consequence of keeping away the patients from school sports and other sport activities. This leads to a chronic lack of physical training and a bad physical state of respiration, circulation and aerobic muscle metabolis

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194490

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Continuous distributions of specific tidal ventilation were recovered from nitrogen washouts in 29 patients with cystic fibrosis and 22 normal subjects along with other pulmonary parameters to assess the utility of the recovered distribution in describing the progress of the disease. Normal subjects showed predominantly unimodal distributions of a pattern showing a small amount of ventilation going to units with high specific ventilation. Multimodal distributions were the rule in the cystic population with only subjects with normal pulmonary function having unimodal distributions.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194491

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have shown that tobacco smoke causes an increase in airways resistance and a drop in expiratory flow at 50% of the vital capacity (FEF50). To better define the nature and site of this bronchoconstrictive effect we measured maximal expiratory flow while breathing air and a low-density gas mixture (helium-oxygen), in 12 healthy volunteers, before and after smoking a cigarette. There was a significant drop in FEF50 while breathing air (FEF50Air) (5.52 ± 1.83–5.05 ± 1.86 liters/s; p < 0.001).No changes were observed in the helium-oxygen FEF50 (FEF50He) after smoking. The increase in FEF50 after breathing the low-density gas as a percentage of FEF50Air (ΔVmax50) increased from 47.1 ± 11.4% before smoking to 57.0 ± 13.3% after smoking (p < 0.05). There were no changes in forced vital capacity (FVC), flow at 75% FVC and volume of isoflow. We discuss these observations in light of the equal pressure point (EPP) analysis and wave speed theory of flow limitation. We conclude that after smoking flow becomes more density dependent because there is constriction of a flow-limiting segment downstream from the EPP, located in lobar and segmental bronchi. No acute effect of tobacco smoke on the small airways could be demons

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194492

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have previously reported a drop in wasted ventilation fraction (VD/VT) during exercise in patients with pulmonary vaso-occlusive diseases associated with collagen vascular disorders, despite an abnormally high mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance at rest and during exercise. To further evaluate the diagnostic value of VD/VT measurements, we studied 8 subjects with normal spirometry, lung volumes and single-breath diffusing capacity who had previously demonstrated a high VD/VT at rest and during exercise. We found normal pulmonary hemodynamics in these subjects despite an abnormal rest and exercise VD/VT. Our findings effectively exclude hemodynamically significant pulmonary vascular obstruction, and do not support the use of VD/VT as a screening method for detecting diffuse pulmonary vaso-occlusive diseases.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194493

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The incidence of chronic cor pulmonale in Iraq has been studied for the first time. Of the total 1,102 cardiac cases admitted to the Medical City Hospital in a 1-year period, 168 patients belonged to this group (15.25%). The most frequent cause is chronic obstructive airway disease. Smoking is thought to be an important factor in the occurrence of obstruction. Chronic and repeated infections during different phases of life are thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis. Occupation and dust probably have no significant effect. Schistosomiasis and tuberculosis are rare causes.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194494

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied the effects of assisting respiration with inspiratory positive pressure (IPP) during air and CO2 breathing by measuring ventilatory and mouth occlusion (P0.1) responses in 15 normal human subjects. Switching from spontaneous breathing to IPP without added CO2 did not cause a significant change in mean Paco2, P0.1, or VI. During CO2 breathing, switching to IPP did not significantly alter tidal volume or frequency. The mean ventilatory response to CO2 during spontaneous breathing was 1.02 liters/min/mm Hg. With IPP at pressure limits of 5 and 7 cm H2O, the mean responses were 0.93 and 0.89 liters/min/mm Hg, respectively, not significantly different from spontaneous breathing. The mean spontaneous P0.1 response to CO2 was 0.32 cm H2O/mm Hg. With IPP at 5 and 7 cm H2O, the responses were 0.29 and 0.36 cm H2O/mm Hg, also not significantly different from spontaneous breathing. Reduction of muscular work of breathing by IPP in normal human subjects does not induce a measurable change in either respiratory drive or ventilation, which appear to remain dependent on chemoreceptor input. Inspiratory effort continues during IPP, even though it may be less than during spontaneous breathing.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194495

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We recorded lung and forced expiratory volumes, nasal, lower and total airway resistances, closing volume data, the phase III slope and MEFV derivatives on air and helium/oxygen breathing for 24 nonsmoking healthy adults with common colds who were then randomly assigned to inhalation of a mixture of aromatic vapors (eucalyptus, menthol, camphor) or a tap water control. Measurements were made after 20 and 60 min of aromatics or control exposure and after intranasal spraying with a 0.25% phenylephrine solution. Gas chromatography of sampling tubes gave the aromatics concentration in the inspired air.Although baseline differences from predicted values were limited to changes in small airways function, except for the reduced peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) mean, low-density gas breathing responsivity suggested concomitant large airway involvement. Significant changes (p = 0.05) in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume for the 3rd s, closing capacity and the phase III slope of the alveolar plateau favored aromatics therapy over the control solution, with marginal volume of isoflow differences showing a similar trend. Intranasal phenylephrine induced statistically significant changes in nasal resistance and in tests of the large and small airways.In confirming the presence of peripheral airways dysfunction in nonsmokers with uncomplicated common colds, our data imply that the changes can be modified favorably by short-term aromatics inhalation. The prompt responses to intranasal phenylephrine suggest that the operation of a nasal-pulmonary reflex arc may be responsible, in part, for the lower airways effects of the aromatics vapor.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194496

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

44 children under 2 years of age suffering from recurrent or persistent wheezy bronchitis, completed a double-blind crossover trial comparing nebulised sodium cromoglycate and matching placebo. Analysis showed that treatment response was age-related. Sodium cromoglycate proved significantly superior to placebo in reducing night cough, sleep disturbance, wheeze and activity limitation in the 24 patients aged 12 months and above (mean 17.3) on entry to the study. Whereas no significant differences were observed in the 20 children below 12 months of age (mean 8.3). These findings were confirmed by weekly clinical assessments, Both age groups spent fewer days in hospital during the active treatment period. Final subjective assessments showed that in the older age group, parents favoured cromoglycate treatment, whereas in the younger age group, parents favoured placebo, although neither reached statistical significance. Both age groups showed marked placebo response to nebulised water.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194497

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Marked and long-lasting bronchospasmolytic effects with some cardiovascular side effects, have been demonstrated in anaesthetised dogs following inhalation of a maximum dose of 1.5 mg orciprenaline sulphate, or of 0.2 mg fenoterol hydrobromide, with glucose as vehicle, administered in powder form in powder inhaler capsules.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194498

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A total of 2,880 maximum expiratory flow-volume curves were performed in a controlled double-blind cross-over examination designed to evaluate the bronchodilating effects of two different nebulized doses of salbutamol (1.75 and 0.875 mg) and ipratropium bromide (0.175 and 0.0875 mg) inhaled by 8 normal, 8 asthmatic, and 8 bronchitic subjects. FEV1, FVC, and flows at 50% FVC and at three fixed volumes below TLC have been measured over a period of 6 h on the maximum expiratory flow-volume curve. In the normal subjects, salbutamol seems to have a smaller bronchodilating effect than ipratropium bromide both at high and low lung volumes. After salbutamol the average initial FEV1 increased from 4.0 to 4.3 liters, whereas after ipratropium bromide it increased to 4.4 liters. In our asthmatic patients the initial response to salbutamol was much larger than to ipratropium bromide. After salbutamol FEV1 increased from 1.8 to 2.7 liters in 60 min, whereas after ipratropium bromide it increased to 2.4 liters in 120 min. In our bronchitic patients the difference between the two drugs seems to be very small. After both drugs FEVt increased from 1.6 to 2.1 liters. The choice of drug for treatment of the condition would then depend on how well the individual patients tolerate the two drugs.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194499

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger