摘要:

As a part of a preoperative investigation, spirometry and blood gas tensions were studied in 64 subjects with X-ray-verified hiatus hernia (34 reflux sliding, 22 mixed, and 8 of paraesophageal variety). According to the transverse diameter of the hernia, they were divided into 3 groups, small (2–5.9 cm), medium (6–9.9 cm), and large (10–17 cm) hernias. No correlation between the size of the hernia, reflux incidence, and spirometric findings could be demonstrated. A significant reduction of the arterial oxygen tension was found in small hernias and in vital capacity and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) in medium-sized hernias. Significant reduction in MVV was noted in the large hernia group. A common spirometric finding in all groups was a significant increase in residual volume and wash-out volume. The incidence of restrictive or obstructive pulmonary impairment was high in large (39%) and small (32%) hernias and relatively low in medium-sized hernias (8%). Roentgenological fibrosis was not found in any of the patients, while 4 showed emphysematous ch

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193639

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

64 subjects with hiatus hernia (34 sliding, 22 mixed, and 8 of paraesophageal variety) were divided into 3 groups according to the transverse diameter of the thoracic loculus and examined by 133Xe-radiospirometry in the supine position. 48 subjects (22 sliding, 18 mixed, and 8 of paraesophageal variety) showed a significant reduction in the regional ventilation, perfusion or lung volume. Significant correlations were found between the diameter of the thoracic loculus and the reduction in these variables of the affected lung.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193640

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

One stage total bilateral pulmonary denervation produced in a group of 23 dogs an increase breathing frequency, an increase in the amplitude of respiration and a characteristic morphology of the spirographic pattern. Later in the evolution, these alterations returned to normal with the exeption of the amplitude of respiration which remained increased. This normalization was not accompanied by the reappearance of the Hering-Breuer reflex. Administration of an aerosol of acetylcholine after normalization of the spirographic pattern produced a temporary reappearance of the immediate postdenervation spirographic pattern. We postulate that in denervated lung a nervous plexus localized in the bronchi not related to the vagus might assume an important role in the regulation of respiration. One cannot exclude, however, the possibility that the reappearance of postdenervation pattern is due to stimulation of airways vagal receptors located in areas proximal to the level of the nervous section.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193641

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Three different ways to calculate airway resistance with the whole body plethysmograph during spontaneous breathing and the MBC maneuver were tested on normal subjects and patients with obstructive airway disease. The ‘effective resistance values’ calculated by applying periodic electric current theory correlate well with a linear interpolation of the various alveolar pressure-flow loops. These apparent linear airway resistance values are as good as the procedure described by Jaeger and Otis, based on the main assumption of sinusoidal flow, to calculate airway resistance. The difficulties in assessing the ventilated lung volume, e.g. in patients with obstructive airway disease, justifies use of the ‘apparent resistance values’ which are easy to calculate for clinical

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193642

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Mechanics of breathing as studied in patients with different stages of silicosis in rest and during exercise show the following: dynamic compliance and work against elastic and viscous resistances could not be found to be deincisive indices of exertion dyspnea. Evidence of exertion dyspnea could only be achieved by means of the ration VT/PT (VT = tidal volume, PT = tidal esophageal pressure). Exertion dyspnea was observed at less than 0,081 VT per cm H2O PT In accordance with Campbell and Howell, dyspnea is seen as an inappropriateness between ventilation and pressure needed

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193643

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The following report deals with Pattle’s alveolar bubble-stability method for surfactant studies in rats. There was no difference in stability ratio of bubbles obtained from separate lobes without gross pathological lesions. Bubble stability was not influenced by microscopic illumination (used only briefly for photographing) and by 1-day storage at +4°C. The stability ratio was significantly lower in distilled water in comparison with the value obtained in isotonic saline. If the time interval passing from squeezing of the bubbles to the time of the first measurement is strictly retained, the reliability of the method is satisfactory. The use of cumulative distribution curves of individual stability ratios’ values and non-parametric testing of such results is recomme

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193644

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of a number of drugs, potassium and calcium ions, and air humidity on mucociliary function were studied in isolated preparations of rats bronchial tree. Adrenergic drugs increased the rate of ciliary beat significantly. Cilioexitation also occurred, though to a smaller degree, after application of acetylcholine, pilocarpine, aminophylline, prednisolone, KI and NH4CI. Serotonin, histamine, and acetylcystein did not change ciliary frequency to any significant degree; however, histamine in high concentrations caused ciliary incoordination. Codein and normetadon, nicotine and pentobarbital had a dose-dependent ciliodepressive effect. However, small concentrations of nicotine and pentobarbital were slightly stimulative. Methysergid and phentolamine were slightly ciliodepressive. Alterations of the concentrations of calcium and potassium ions in the nutritive solution influenced ciliary frequency but had no effect on other characteristic features of the ciliary movement. The ciliated epithelium of the bronchial tree could be irreversibly damaged by air having low relative humidity.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193645

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Spirometric data, resting Pao2 and Paco2 have been statistically evaluated in 152 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. Spirographic studies show a restrictive and obstrucdata tive syndrome, associated with hypoxaemia and hypercapnia. Partial correlations show that PaO2 is positively correlated with age and negatively with VC (predicted percentage) and with FEV1 (predicted percentage); Paco2 is only correlated with FEV1 (predicted percentage). FEV1 (predicted percentage) divides the patients into two groups, the hypercapnic and normocapnic. These data show the interest of the FEV1 predicted percentage) values.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193646

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

One of the most frequent complications encountered in non-specific respiratory pathology of recent years is overinfection by Candida albicans. An important contributive factor is the recent massive anti-biotherapy, above all with tetracyclines, favouring this overinfection. Since at present the treatment of bronchopulmonary processes is difficult owing to the lack of an effective oral or parenteral therapy, a study was carried out of 33 patients treated with nystatin and amphotericin B in aerosol form, with 3-4 sessions of treatment per day, during a minimum of 10 days. At each session either 50,000 U of nystatin or 5 mg of amphotericin B were administered. The results obtained showed that after treatment, C. albicans was no longer present in the sputum of 84% of cases treated. In view of these results it is considered that – at present – the two most suitable substances for the treatment of pulmonary candidiases are nystatin and amphotericin B in aerosol f

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193647

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema is a rare complication of the second stage of labor. Although this entity runs a benign course, fatalities have been reported. Clinical findings of subcutaneous emphysema necessitate a chest X-ray to document pneumomediastinum. If pneumomediastinum is present, rapid delivery via elective forceps or even surgery may be considered to prevent serious complications.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193648

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1975

数据来源: Karger