摘要:

In 13 children (7–13 years old) with bronchial asthma in remission, respiratory system resistance was continuously measured by the forced oscillation method at 10 Hz, using on-line digital computer analysis. Corrections were made for mouth impedance which was determined from a prior Valsalva maneuver. Functional residual capacity was also periodically determined by the body plethysmographic technique in order to allow calculation of specific respiratory system conductance (SGrs). The total observation period of 45 min consisted of quiet breathing interrupted by vital capacity maneuvers. In a single-blind design, eight children were given 0.15 mg isoproterenol sulfate from a proprietary spray delivered in the beginning of an inspiratory vital capacity maneuver while five received a placebo (freon propellent alone). A significant increase in SGrs (+53%) was observed 75 sec after isoproterenol sulfate administration. SGrs peaked after 2 min (+61%) and remained elevated significantly for 10 min. No significant changes occurred in the placebo group. The immediate decrease in SGrs which was observed following control vital capacity maneuvers, was prevented by isoproterenol sulfate but not by the freon propellent. Our findings suggest that although peak bronchodilation does not occur before 2 min following isoproterenol sulfate inhalation, an effect, namely prevention of bronchoconstriction induced by a deep breath, is already detectable within second

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193778

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Unilateral application of ascaris extract on segment bronchus as the influence of contralateral vagus blockade on reflex bronchoconstriction was studied on four boxer dogs in a first group (A) of experiments: ascaris extract was applied in liquid form directly through a catheter into the right segment bronchus. This application was repeated after contralateral vagus blockade and once more after its lavage. All the animals showed an increase of airway resistance under local application of ascaris extract which could not be avoided by contralateral central vagus blockade. In the second group (B) isolation of unilateral vagus for reproducible performance of blockade as a long-term model was investigated in three boxer dogs for 7 weeks and the influence of this method of unilateral vagus blockade on exposure to allergen aerosol was studied. The unilateral blockade of the nerve vagus was again always successful in decreasing the reflex bronchoconstriction following allergen inhalation. The effect of unilateral section of nervus vagus 3 weeks after this vagotomy was tested on two boxer dogs. Reflex bronchoconstriction following ascaris extract inhalation can be avoided by unilateral section of the nervus vagus the first time after section. Three weeks after this unilateral vagotomy, the reflex bronchoconstriction becomes managed by the remaining vagus trunk to the same degree as observed by bilateral intact vagi.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193779

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The behaviour of bronchial reactivity to PGF2α was studied in asthmatic patients under various experimental conditions. Premedication with aminophylline, i.v., and, to a lesser extent, with DSCG afforded a partial protection, while beclomethasone dipropionate was inactive under this point of view. Diftalone, a new non-steroid anti-inflammatory agent, was well tolerated in 9 aspirin-intolerant asthmatic patients, and did not modify the bronchial response to PGF2α which was found to be generally lower than that of other aspirin-tolerant asthmatic patients. PGE1-2 and DSCG prevented the bronchospasm induced by inhalation or ingestion of acetylsalicylic acid in a small group of patients. Good protection was also reached with PGE1-2 in the exercise-induced bronchospas

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193780

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In a double-blind cross-over study the effect of two secretolytic agents on the mucociliary clearance was tested in 8 patients with mild chronic obstructive bronchitis. Clearance was assessed from the removal rate of previously inhaled sulfur colloid particles, tagged with 99Tcm. For the interpretation of the results, obtained by this method, it is essential to take into account the pattern of particle deposition. For example there was a faster clearance under placebo compared to the secretolytic drugs because of a more central deposition. To overcome this problem different approaches were therefore tested. The following constellations proved to be useful in assessing the effect of secretolytic drugs: (1) change in deposition pattern; (2) clearance rate, if no change in deposition takes place; (3) clearance rate from a peripheral area of the lung. An attempt to apply a simple three compartment model proved to be unpracticable probably because of the complexity of the mechanism involved. One of these mechanisms could be a reversal in mucus transport, observed at least in one patient, a finding which might be of pathophysiological relevance.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193781

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This work deals with a modification of a thromboelastograph which enables to measure both in vitro and in vivo effectiveness of mucolytic substances. A simple method is described for building up a comparative diagram of the effectiveness of several drugs; a diagram which is of interest from both a pharmacological and a clinical point of view.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193782

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Experiments in dogs showed an increase in &karsi028;Poes/100 ml TV after embolization which returns to normal after blocking the vagus nerves, indicating an increase in airway resistance. A marked sensitization to ACh inhalation by embolism with both blood clots and glass beads was demonstrated. This hypersensitivity is vagus-dependent.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193783

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The persisting defects after treatment of tuberculosis in 51 patients were evaluated by a simultaneous measurement of the functional residual capacity (FRC) using the body plethysmograph and the helium dilution method. In most patients large volumes of trapped air were detected by the difference of two methods of measurement. The amount of trapped air showed to be dependent of the other pulmonary parameters obtained: Tiffeneau index, FRC measured by body plethysmography, difference between predicted and measured FRC.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193784

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Standard arterial oxygen pressure is a calculated value which must be in arterial blood in the given lung function when all conditions of estimation are standard – PACO240 mm Hg, barometric pressure 760 mm Hg and respiratory exchange ratio 0.85. For practical purposes, a nomogram was constructed for estimating sPao2 and arterial alveolar oxygen difference during breathing with room air. It will give us a possibility of comparing estimations made in different conditions. The mean error for AaDO2 is 0.4 mm Hg, which is acceptable for clinical purpose

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193785

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger