摘要:

The influence on the partition ofpulmonary blood flow and ventilation and on arterial blood gas tensions by inhalation of different oxygen concentrations with the superior and inferior lung in the right decubitus position was mea- sured during bronchospirometry in seven experi- ments on 5 healthy volunteers. The partition of the pulmonary blood flow was measured from the quantity of intravenously injected 85Kr exhaled by each lung. In comparison to control values obtained during air breathing 10% oxygen (hypoxia) in the inferior and pure oxygen in the superior lung caused a highly significant redistribution of blood flow towards the superior lung. Also, hypoxia in the inferior lung with air in the superior caused a redistribution towards the superior lung too large to be due to chance and so did oxygen breathing in the superior lung. It was concluded that vasoconstriction from hypoxia could overcome the influence of gravitation on blood flow distribution and that gravitational factors alone could not explain the changes in distribution caused by oxygen breathing by the superior lung. Possible further mechanisms are discussed

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193610

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Eighteen asthmatic patients were studied during acute attack, following bronchodilator therapy and in remission. During the acute attack, there was marked arterial hypoxemia which was attenuated by bronchodilator therapy, but was nevertheless noticeable and persisted during remission. Raw × Vtg and FEV 1 sec were within normal limits. During remission, dynamic compliance was frequency-dependent, and upstream resistance was a sizeable portion of the total measured resistance. It is suggested that arterial hy-poexmia during the attack stage results form uneven distribution of ventilation-perfusion, and that this unevenness persists following bronchodilator therapy and in remission. Since the bulk of the residual resistance is located in the upstream segments, spirometric and body plethysmographic measurements are not seriously affected and, therefore, do not yield values indicative of the effectiveness of therap

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193611

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The determination of dead space of any kind is rarely done because it is of more interest to determine blood gases and pH which will be altered as a result of the increase in the functional dead space (anatomic and physiologic). The most frequent cause of increased dead space is an imbalance between ventilation and perfusion, and this alteration is present in any pulmonary illness

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193612

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Patients with asthma-positive anamnesis and patients with chronic obstruc- tive bronchitis breathed through an artifical inspiratory stenosis. The same experiments were done on healthy persons. The healthy persons were also exposed to acetylcholine before and after breathing through the stenosis. Patients with asthma-positive anamnesis showed a significant increase of the airway resistances after inspiratory loading of the bronchopulmonary system. In patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis, the airway resistance decreased significantly after the inspiratory loading. In 7 of the 12 healthy persons, the sensitivity of the bronchopulmonary system increased against acetylcholine after the inspiratory loading. The inspiratory load alone had no influence on the airway resistance in this group. The results are discussed in respect to the mechanisms possibly underlying ‘exercise-induced asthm

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193613

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The protective effect of metered aerosol SCH 1000 was studied in 24 asthmatic patients with actual sensibility to different allergens. A previous inhalation of metered aerosol SCH 1000 prevented an increase of airway resistance in 20 cases after allergen inhalation.The role of acetylcholine for bronchoconstriction by allergic mechanism is discussed

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193614

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In order to estimate the incidence of chronic bronchitis in the steel industry, a group of 200 workers between 40 and 60 years of age, with normal chest roentgenograms were examined. In addition to estimating incidence of chronic bronchitis, studies were undertaken to correlate pulmonary symptoms and changes in lung function tests with occupational exposure. There is a high incidence of chronic bronchitis in this socio-occupational group, with 32% of subjects reporting typical symptoms. There is also a high incidence of abnormal lung function tests. 33 subjects (16.5%) had a ratio of FEV1/FVC of less than 65% and 43 (23.5%) had a fractional uptake of CO of less than 90% of the predicted normal value. We believe there is a definite influence of occupational exposure on the frequency of chronic bronchitis and changes in lung function tests in these subjects but tobacco-smoking habits undeniably show an even greater correlation with the abnormalities found

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193615

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

An acute cytomegalovirus infection is described in a patient with Hodgkin’s lymphoma. He developed an aplastic crisis after multiple immunosuppressive drugs. Transfusions of fresh blood from 4 donors were thought to have caused the infection. Forms of cytomegalovirus infection in adults, relation to underlying diseases and problems of therapy are briefly discuss

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193616

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1974

数据来源: Karger