摘要:

The purposes of this study were (1) to confirm whether there were any differences between observed and predicted scores based on age, height, and sex in forced vital capacity (FVC), 1-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1.0), FEV1.0/FVC ratio, functional residual capacity (FRC), total lung capacity (TLC), FRC/TLC ratio, residual volume (RV), RV/TLC ratio, diffusing capacity of lungs for carbon monoxide (Dco), alveolar-capillary permeability (k´co), and alveolar volume (VA) for 2 middle-aged non-smoking men who trained for and competed in three annual 26.2-mile marathon races and (2) to determine the magnitude and direction of changes in the observed scores for the three annual tests, The subjects trained from 45 to 70 miles/week for 52 weeks during the 3-year period. In the week after their annual marathon run they were measured in the above pulmonary variables. For the 3-year period of training subject A improved five pulmonary variables (TLC, FRC, FRC/TLC ratio, Dco, and k´co) and had small decreases in function of the other six variables. Likewise, subject B improved three pulmonary variables (FRC, FRC/ TLC ratio, and k´co) and had small decreases in function of the other eight variables, It is not possible to draw statistical inferences to other populations from this data, but it does indicate that these subjects are in a state of good-to-great pulmonary health. Although random variations may account for some of the changes for these 2 subjects, it is possible that marathon training has inhibited some of the deterioration in pulmonary function as predicted from the regression with age by Ko

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194385

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Different ways of using oxygen enrichers have been studied. First, the performances of two different devices were tested: the results were very similar to the constructors’ previsions. Thew, oxygen concentrations in venturi masks connected to enrichers were measured with a mass spectrometer. The authors suggest to adjust the flow delivered by enrichers at 3 liters/min for any type of venturi mask. Pharyngeal oxygen concentration curves show the reliability of masks connected to enrichers compared to other modes of administration (nasal cannulae, nasal catheter

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194386

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Administration of fenoterol aerosol limited to the upper respiratory tract during intubation produced the same bronchodilatating effect as the usual administration to the whole respiratory tract by the metered-dose aerosols used clinically in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease. The site of action of the β2-sympathicomimetic drugs in this area of the respiratory tract appears to be in the sensory limb of the bronchoconstriction reflex

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194387

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Two double-blind studies were performed in allergic subjects with bronchial asthma to evaluate the bronchodilator effect and antiallergic protection of oxitropium bromide (OTB), a new antiallergic drug. Study 1, bronchodilator trial: 2 puffs of OTB or Fenoterol (FEN) were administered by metered dose aerosol after bronchial allergen provocation tests in 12 subjects each. The bronchodilator effect of FEN was significantly better (between 0 and 30 min after drug administration). At the same time there was an improvement of PaO2 after FEN (before: 62.4 Torr; after: 70.1 Torr), but not after OTB. Study 2, antiallergic protection: OTB or FEN were administered 30 min before bronchial allergen provocation tests in 12 subjects each, complemented by open DSCG controls. All 3 drugs provided significant protection compared with nonmedicated control tests, but only inhibition by FEN was complete. In conclusion, β2-adrenergic drugs seem to be superior to anticholinergic drugs in allergic asthma, not only as bronchodilators, but also as prophylactic agents

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194388

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Sera from 159 adult asthmatic outpatients (extrinsic, n = 82; intrinsic, n = 65 and acetylosalicylic acid (ASA)-sensitive, n = 12) and from 100 controls were tested for total levels of IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, complement factors C3, C4, C1-inibitor, α1-antitrypsin and circulating immune complexes. The following results were observed: (1) a marked increase of IgE in extrinsic asthma; (2) a slight increase of IgM, and (3) an equal increase of complement C4 levels in all three asthma groups; (4) normal mean values of C3 levels with a significantly larger standard deviation of the mean in all three asthma groups; (5) an equally slight decrease of protease inhibitors, such as C1-inhibitor and α1-antitrypsin, and (6) the presence of circulating immune complexes in 22% of extrinsic, in 8% of intrinsic and 13% of ASA-sensitive asthmatics. Circulating immune complexes can be found in all three asthma groups and may correlate with complement deviatio

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194389

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In immune reactions of the immediate type, IgE bound to the membrane of mast cells plays an important role. In 45 patients with allergy and 12 patients without allergy the IgE load on mast cells in bronchial mucosa and skin was measured by an immunofluorescent technique. In the allergic patients a positive score was found in 38 bronchial biopsies and in 31 cutaneous biopsies. The difference is significant in favor of the positive score of the bronchus biopsy. A correlation between the titre of IgE, bound on mast cells and the number of mast cells was not found

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194390

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ketotifen at an oral dose of 1 mg twice daily was compared with sodium cromoglycate at a dose of 20 mg four times daily by inhalation in a double-blind parallel group study lasting 12 weeks. Data relating to 60 patients were analyzed and showed that stabilised asthmatics continued to be stable during the 12-week treatment period on both drugs. There was a significant reduction within the ketotifen group in day and night scores at the end of the 12-week period and more patients on ketotifen had increased evening peak expiratory flow rate values compared with sodium cromoglycate. Ketotifen and sodium cromoglycate were equally well tolerated

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194391

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

339 subjects with a clinically manifest or latent allergy to different allergens were tested intranasally: 163 with grass pollens, 19 with tree pollens, 46 with cat fur, 23 with dog hair, 79 with mites and 9 with horse hair. Two thirds of the patients with a latent allergy towards pollens either reacted to a pollen concentration of 1% w/v or not at all, one third responded to 0.1% w/v. Two thirds of the pollinosis patients reacted at 0.01% w/v, one third at 0.1% w/v. Threshold dosages were also found for animal fur: The limits are at 1.5% w/v (manifest allergy) and 150% w/v (latent allergy) and the transitional range at 15% w/v. No threshold was found for mites. The study shows that for certain allergens there exist threshold concentrations which should not be exceeded. Where there is no threshold dose, as e.g. with mites, the nasal test is no more informative than the skin test

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194392

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We report the levels of concentration of ampicillin, dicloxacillin and carbenicillin reached in the blood and in the expectoration following the administration of these drugs by rapid venous infusion, once every 24 h. The concentration of ampicillin in the blood serum varied from 150 to 180μg/ml at the end of the infusion and from 30 to 3 μg/ml 4 afterwards and the dicloxacillin concentration from 150 to 120 μg/ml, and from 24 to 6 μg/ml. The concentration of ampicillin in purulent expectoration was 5–7 μg/ml and that of dicloxacillin 2.5–4 μg/ml. The concentration of carbenicillin in the plasma varied from 1,040 to 130 μg/ml, and in the expectoration it was around 15 μg/ml. Several cases of acute and chronic lung and bronchial diseases caused by bacteria have been treated by means of venous infusion once every 24 h and results wer

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194393

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194394

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger