摘要:

We have demonstrated the reliability of the planimetric method for the determination of total lung capacity (TCL) in children aged 4–16 in comparison with TLC measured by the plethysmograph method. We have found power function formulas to be of greater potential usefulness than linear, logarithmic or exponential formulas for calculating TLC by the planimetric techniqu

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193946

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

These studies compare lung mechanics and volumes of premature lambs delivered at 139 days of gestation by cesarean section and ventilated by either intermittent positive pressure (IPP) or positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). During the first few hours of life, sequential determinations of lung compliance, specific lung compliance, lung resistance, specific lung conductance and functional residual capacity were made at half-hour intervals. Measurements in 5 lambs ventilated with PEEP demonstrated that lung compliance (p < 0.005), specific lung compliance (p < 0.001) and specific lung conductance (p < 0.005) decreased; while lung resistance (p < 0.10) and functional residual capacity (p < 0.02) increased as compared to 7 lambs ventilated with IPP.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193947

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In dogs breathing spontaneously with added dead space, 198, 298 and 548 ml, the O2 consumption is a function of minute ventilation. This relationship (VO2 = 9.3 Ve + 81.6; r = 0.95) was the same as that found in dogs breathing spontaneously with normal dead space. With added dead space, average tidal volumes increased but not enough to compensate for the added volume and, thus, dogs achieved alveolar ventilation mainly by using the fastest molecules of gas in the airway, because of the conical shape of the velocity profile of gas molecules. When the values for VO2 and f were grouped according to different VTs, VO2 was found to be a linear function of f. Also, for a given f, VO2 increased progressively with Vτ; however, the higher the f, the more taxing a given increase in Vτ was. Over a certain range of respiratory frequencies, dogs could reduce f and increase Vτ without significantly affecting VO2

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193948

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Respiratory drive (Δp 0.1ΔdPCO2) and ventilatory response ΔVΕ/Δ PCO2) to CO2 has been estimated in 20 normal subjects and 28 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In patients with COPD, drive and ventilatory response to CO2 were diminished, but no statistical correlation with FEV1, MBC, TLC, FRC, RV/TLC was found. A statistically negative correlation was found between blood bicarbonate and drive or ventilatory response to CO2. Patients with emphysema and normal PaCO2 demonstrated normal Δp 0.1/ΔPCO2. In contrast, patients with chronic bronchitis with the same pulmonary function abnormalities and hypercapnia had significant diminution of the ΔP0.1/ΔPCO2. Therefore, we feel that pulmonary function abnormalities alone cannot explain the ΔV 0.1/ΔPCO2 decrease; in most cases there should coexist a diminished respiratory s

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193949

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The slope of the flow volume curves was analysed in 20 normal subjects, 28 patients with irreversible chronic airway obstruction, 24 patients with bronchial asthma, 8 patients with diffuse interstitial fibrosis and 7 patients with extensive bronchiectasis. Time constant of the system was taken as the slope of the curve between 50 and 25% of the vital capacity. When considered along with plethysmographically obtained airway resistance, an indirect estimate of the lung compliance was obtained. Significant differences in the estimated lung compliance in the normal subjects, patients with obstructive lung disease or diffuse interstitial fibrosis were demonstrated.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193950

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The mathematical model for a computation of the mean airway resistance is extended by formulae for the calculation of the gas-dynamic breathing efficiency in the in- and expiratory phase

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193951

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have studied the changes induced by hemodialysis in the blood oxygen affinity in a group of 8 children with chronic kidney failure. Before dialysis: the affinity was low – P50 (7.40) = 28,3 Torr. Such a decreased affinity could explain in part why the important anemia (2 million RBC on average) observed in these patients was well tolerated. The observed decrease in hemoglobin oxygen affinity was attributed to an increase in 2–3 diphosphoglycerate (2–3 DPG) concentration, resulting from a high level of inorganic phosphates. After dialysis: the plasmatic pH increased markedly (7.52) with a consequent increase in the blood oxygen affinity in vivo (Bohr effect). No substantial change in 2–3 DPG concentration on P50 (7.40) occurred during hemod

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193952

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

101 Indian soldiers, 57 of whom had developed pulmonary oedema of high altitude (POHA) and 44 who had not developed this condition in spite of being at high altitudes for over 2 years, were investigated for observing the differences, if any, in their reaction to acute hypoxic stress. Each subject was made to breathe a 10% hypoxic mixture for 5 min. Haemodynamic parameters like pulmonary artery pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean), brachial artery pressure, wedge pressure, cardiac output, minute ventilation, arterial oxygen saturation and oxygen uptake before and at the end of hypoxic breathing were estimated. In addition, results of the cold pressor test were recorded and the Vd/Vt ratio was estimated. The results obtained in the present study confirmed those obtained in our previous studies. In addition, it was observed that oxygen uptake was significantly higher and oxygen saturation lower ofter hypoxia in the POHA subjects than in the controls. Certain parameters for screening of subjects possibly susceptible to POHA have been suggested.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193953

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Abnormal radionuclide phlebograms were found in 65 patients in whom simultaneous-perfusion lung scintigrams and phlebograms were performed. All these patients were on adequate treatment with heparin for deep venous thrombosis. In 28% of the cases, the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was made because they had abnormal perfusion lung scans with normal chest radiograph and clinical symptoms of pulmonary embolism.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193954

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A 19-year-old patient was treated who developed a life-threatening pulmonary insufficiency after having suffered from a flu-like illness for 13 days. Lung biopsy revealed an early stage of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chemotherapy by prednisone alone proved ineffective. A combination of prednisone and massive doses of cyclophosphamide and vincristine, however, was effective in halting the rapid progression of the disease. The patient recovered gradually; the results of the pulmonary function tests were close to normal 2 weeks after the onset of therapy. Lung biopsy showed normal lung histology 7 months later. The patient has had no complaints at all for more than 3 years after the episode so that we may assume that he recovered fully.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193955

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger