摘要:

It is not clear which morphological alterations cause changes of functional parameters in obstructive airway disease; therefore, samples from bronchi of 29 deceased patients who underwent lung function test within 3 years prior to death were studied by morphometric methods. The volume densities of bronchial lumen, bronchial soft tissue (bronchial tissue without cartilage), cartilage, smooth muscle, bronchial glands and connective tissue were assessed in relation to two reference systems, namely (1) whole bronchus including lumen, and (2) bronchus wall tissue. Also, the surface density of bronchial basement membrane, the ratio surface density of basement membrane to volume density of bronchial lumen and the correlation of volume density of bronchial glands with volume density of smooth muscles were evaluated. The morphometric parameters were correlated with the two main parameters of airway obstruction, i.e. with RAW and FEW1 The statistic analyses showed a significant correlation between the volume densities of muscles and glands and of surface density of the bronchial basement membrane with functional parameters. Muscle volume correlated somewhat better with RAW (2 p < 0.01) than with FEV1 (2 p < 0.05). On the other hand, glandular volume correlated better with FEV1 (2 p < 0.025) than with RAW (2 p < 0.05). An especially good correlation was found between the volume densities of bronchial glands and of smooth muscles (2 p < 0.005). This shows that the muscular and glandular thickening are morphological signs of obstructive disease. The results are more conclusive if the morphometric parameters are computed in relation to the reference volume I. They confirm that both the muscle constriction and mucus plugging influence airway obstruction. The decrease of the surface density of the basement membrane may be a consequence of muscular and glandular thickening. The pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed in detail.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193806

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The administration by aerosol of fenoterol hydrobromide (Berotec®) was investigated in four test persons. Two patients with operable carcinomas of the lung were given tritium-labelled fenoterol hydrobromide aerosol immediately before undergoing surgery. Parts of the pulmonary segments removed were biochemically analysed and it was observed that the radioactive contents in pulmonary tissue and blood plasma were almost identical. The pharmacokinetic data recorded after aerosol administration, viz. plasma levels and renal excretion, are not different from those recorded after oral administration. The expired air following aerosol administration was examined in two patients, whereby less than 0.1 % of the dose administered was recovered. The oropharynx on the other hand, was found to contain 53 % of the dose immediately after administration. Absorption via the lungs was examined in four other test persons by instilling an aqueous solution of fenoterol hydrobromide into the right bronchial tree. Comparison of renal excretion levels showed that absorption here is greater than after oral administration; the plasma level curves, however, run a very similar course

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193807

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Ascaris suum extract inhalation causes bronchoconstriction in dogs. Following this reaction, the bronchi stay oversensitive against acetylcholine for at least 7 h. Electrical stimulation of the peripheral end of a nervus vagus after cutting supports the meaning that the bronchoconstriction will be caused mainly by challenge of sensory receptors. The reflex way runs through the nervus vagus. Sensitization of the bronchial tree means sensitization of the sensory receptors. Results of the arterial blood gases correspond to earlier results which showed two parts of the bronchial tree: the vagus-controlled part is mainly responsible for the airway resistance, the vagus-noncontrolled part is mainly responsible for the regulation of the ventilation/perfusion relationships.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193808

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The pulmonary diffusing capacity (DLCO) was measured in 13 healthy subjects during heart catheterization by the steady-state method (according to Bates and his coworkers). The DLCO shows the closest correlation to the tidal volume at rest, and to the central blood volume during exercise. Further, the DLco correlates with the cardiac index both at rest and during exercise and with the stroke index at rest only. The DLCO did not show any relationship to the pressures in central circulation, pulmonary vascular resistance, total and alveolar ventilation. Statistical analysis shows that DLCO is most consistently related to the tidal volume at rest, whereas relation to central blood volume is much more stable during exercise.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193809

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Lung function analysis and chest X-ray was performed in 84 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The group of seropositive patients showed a significant (p < 0.01) lower mean value of diffusion capacity than the group of seronegative patients. There was no correlation between the lung function and duration of disease and Steinbrocker-staging, respectively. Patients treated with corticosteroids had more frequently abnormal values of vital capacity, functional residual capacity, and compliance. Patients under chrysotherapy showed more frequently abnormal values of residual volume but less frequently an impairment of maximal breathing capacity, resistance, and compliance.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193810

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Myoglobin and mitochondrial protein contents were measured spectrophotometrically in the sternothyroid muscle of 8 dogs, first in Denver, at a PB of 635 mm Hg, and after a 3-week exposure to a PB of 435 mm Hg, using a hypobaric chamber. The PaO2 at a PB of 635 mm Hg was 81.9 mm Hg and at a PB of 435 mm Hg, it was 54.6 mm Hg. Myoglobin concentration increased from 3.67 ± 1.07 to 5.47 ± 0.90 mg/g fresh muscle while mitochondrial protein content increased from 3.04 ± 0.80 to 4.96 ± 2.59 mg N2/g fresh muscle upon exposure to simulated altitude. It is believed that these changes in the biochemistry of the muscle are related to alterations in muscle fiber type composition, which seem to be adaptive in nat

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193811

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Using the photometric micromethod of Niesel and Thews the authors determined the oxygen fixation blood curves at 20 °C and at CO2 tension of 38 mm Hg in newborn piglets until 71 days post partum. The O2 affinity of the piglet blood which is high immediately after birth, decreases within the first 48 h of the life and reaches an adult value at the age of 2 days, a minimum at the age of 10 days and then increases with advancing age. The difference between the adult and newborn P50 value was significant

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193813

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger