摘要:

Results from pressure-volume studies indicate that lung surface area is directly proportional to volume rather than to volume raised to the two thirds power as has been assumed previously. Mean air space diameter was found to decline with an increase in lung volume which is indicative of a significant degree of alveolar recruitment. Calculation of alveolar surface tension during 20-min inflation-deflation cycles reveals a minimum surface tension of 15.9 ± 2.3 and a maximum surface tension of 42.7 ± 4.2 dyn/cm (mean ± SE). Comparison of surface tensions obtained from the surface balance and calculated alveolar surface tension reveals no significant difference between the means and a significant correlation between the two valu

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193834

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

It appears that the definition of a syndrome is to a large extent determined by the approach of the researcher. Particular emphasis is given to the very great interest of a classification as meticulous as possible, using all relevant clinical data not only as snapshots, but also over the longest possible observation period. Such a classification of carefully followed individual cases may contribute essentially to the identification of syndromes and to the detection of pathomechanisms and pathogenesis.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193840

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

15 subjects, divided into (1) normal, (2) with small airway obstruction (SAO), and (3) with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), were studied to understand the mechanism of the obstruction. The curves of maximal expiratory flow versus static pressure are particularly useful for this purpose, when we have a SAO. In fact, only at this early stage, we can identify by this way two different groups: subjetcs obstructed by a pure extrinsic mechanism, and subjects obstructed by a pure intrinsic mechanism.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193835

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The acute phase of a longitudinal study of pulmonary function responses to a hair-grooming aerosol included determinations of lung and forced expiratory volumes, derivatives of maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curves, closing volume information and the slope of the alveolar plateau (phase III) before and 1, 3 and 5 min after a 20-sec application of the spray to 30 healthy subjects. Baseline indices approximated individual prediction standards except for an increased mean slope of the alveolar plateau. After exposure there were meaningful changes in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume for the first second and the ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity suggestive of a modest bronchodilatation. Closing capacity decreased significantly without changes in the means for CV and the phase III slope. Flow rates at low lung volumes were unaltered except for a significant rise in Vmax50%. Although their control means were alike for all physiologic indices, a post-aerosol decrease in a single flow rate (FEF75%) and a further increase in the phase III slope appeared to differentiate the responses of the 17 smokers from those of the 13 nonsmokers. This single hair-spray exposure did not induce mean changes in terminal flow rates or measurable effects on other ‘early tests’ for the entire group indicative of peripheral airway constriction. The same subjects are having serial determinations made during 1 year of daily use of the same prod

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193836

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Groups of 6 cats were curarized and maintained under assisted ventilation with either air or a 35 % oxygen mixture. Lungs were then fixed and divided in small pieces, some of which were chosen at random for histological studies. Pulmonary lesions after assisted ventilation with air were rather discrete, even after 72 h. On the contrary, after the same period of ventilation with 35 % O2, all cats showed capillary dilatation, interstitial edema and intra-alveolar hemorrhagic exsudate.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193837

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

PaO2 and PaCO2, after 5 min of a 40-Watt exercise, and spirometric data have been statistically evaluated in 152 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. In these patients, the hypoventilation syndrome increases during exercise. The correlation between age and PaO2 is identical during rest and exercise, but the correlation between PaO2 or PaCO2 and FEv1 (% predicted) is closer during exercise than during rest. The value 50 of the FEV1 (% predicted) divides the patients into two groups: the patients who stay normocapnic and those who become hypercapnic or increase their hypercapnemia. These data show the interest of the FEV1 (% predicted) values and allow to explain the evolution of the arterial blood gas tensions during exercise.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193838

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The analysis of autopsy data from 1928 to 1972 shows that the relative frequency of lung cancer has undergone a fourfold increase till about 1962, and has since then remained practically constant. The right lung is more often the seat of carcinoma than the left lung and the upper lobes more often than the lower lobes. For females the upper-lower lobe asymmetry is not significant. The nonuniform distribution of tumor sites is explained on the basis of ‘contact hypothesis’. Some age and sex factors have been stud

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193839

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger