摘要:

80 severely ill patients with various lung diseases were studied in order to relate the feeling of breathlessness at rest with the severity of lung mechanical impairment. Moderate to severe dyspnea (grade 2 to grade 3) at rest was present only in 46 of 80 patients (57%) with severe lung disease. The prevalence of breathlessness at rest among the various lung diseases was as follows: 80% in acute bronchial asthma, 70% in acute interstitial pneumonia, 50% in diffuse lung fibrosis and 30% in chronic obstructive lung disease. None of the 10 × 9 measured or calculated parameters (IVC, FEV1,FEV1/IVC × 100, TGV, RV, RV/TLC × 100, TLC, MMEF, CC/TLC × 100, SGaw I-E, FV curve indices, quasi-static transpulmonary pressure, dynamic compliance, gastric pressure and RR) seemed to characterize the patients presenting with severe dyspnea. High breathing frequency, low SCdyn and a near negative abdominal pressure consistently identified a small group of subjects with severe dyspnea at rest, regardless of the underlying lung dise

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194408

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied the ventilatory response to an isometric handgrip (50% maximum voluntary contraction) in 7 young normal subjects. VE increased significantly during isometric contraction due to increases in Vt/Ti (the mean inspiratory flow) and Ti/Ttot (the timing component of ventilation). The increase in Vt/Ti is greater than that in Ti/Ttot; thus, the contribution of the neural inspiratory drive is predominant in increasing the pulmonary ventilation during a handgrip.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194409

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A program of screening for airways obstruction was designed to examine: (1) the precision and the reliability of the proposed tests (2) the evolution of respiratory impairment in 69 subjects, 8 years after a diagnosis of peripheral (small) airways obstruction. The tests that exhibit very good rehability are: vital capacity, total lung capacity, 1-second forced expiratory volume, single breath CO diffusion capacity, curvilinearity score; and the ratio of closing capacity to total lung capacity. 39% of smokers and 15% of nonsmokers developed central airways obstruction 8 years after the diagnosis of peripheral airways disease. These results confirm the hypothesis that small airways may be regarded as a noisy rather than a silent zone.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194410

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

13 previously untreated patients suffering from early pulmonary sarcoidosis (stages II and III) were studied radiologically and physiologically after 4 months of corticosteroid treatment. The results of airway function studies before and after corticosteroid treatment were compatible with small airway disease that did not improve after treatment. Before steroids, the main abnormalities were decreased diffusion and compliance, increased alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradients, and the presence of frequency-dependent compliance. After steroids, significant improvement was found in diffusion and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradients, but compliance as well as frequency-dependent compliance did not improve.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194411

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Some pharmacological properties of Sobrerol have been assessed, in frog palate preparation, by measuring the mucociliary transport velocity due to mucus samples obtained from patients suffering from chronic bronchial inflammatory diseases characterized by dense bronchial secretions. The patients were studied before and after 4 days of treatment with Sobrerol, 600 mg per day per os. The significant increase in the relative ratio of mucociliary transport of mucus of treated patients, together with evidence coming from previous experiments, indicates that this drug is capable of modifying rheological properties of bronchial secretions, in such patients, through an ‘in vivo’ muco-regulating activity, thus facilitating mucociliary cleara

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194412

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Breathing frequency (BF) may be affected by changes in the percent inspired CO2 administered to vascularly isolated lungs. Pulmonary CO2 probably affects BF, in part, through a secondary effect of CO2 on airway smooth muscle. To further determine the role of pulmonary mechanics in the pulmonary CO2-mediated BF response, Verapamil, a Ca++ blocking agent which blocks hypocapnic airway constriction, was administered to the vascularly isolated lungs of the dog. Verapamil blocked the hypocapnic airway constriction which occurred when pulmonary CO, was reduced; however, the decrease in BF was not only blocked but in some animals there was an increase in BF. Also, the decrease in BF produced by hyperinflation of the lungs (Hering-Breuer reflex) was either blocked or an increase in BF occurred after administration of Verapamil.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194419

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The usefulness of the cytology of postbronchoscopically collected sputum (PBS) samples in the diagnosis of neoplastic lung disease has been studied in 113 cases. The overall diagnostic yield of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) alone was 77%, 87% in 77 central tumors and 58% in 36 peripheral ones. With the addition of PBS, the positive results increased to 91% in the 113 cases (p 0.05) and to 83% in peripheral lesions (p < 0.02). In 15 cases PBS offered the unique positive results. 73 cases with histological confirmation showed a good cytohistological correlation in 82%. Our report suggests that PBS is a useful technique in the diagnosis of lung cancer. Its systematic use does not seem to be justified in central tumors, but it is of great value in peripheral tumors when fluoroscopic control is not available.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194413

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

(1) The development of intrapulmonary myelin sheaths began in the central parts of the lung and proceeded towards the periphery. It started suddenly on the 25th post conceptional (p.c.) day. Early stages of myelination could be demonstrated in the periphery on the 27th day p.c (2) Axons not surrounded by Schwann cells could be seen in large numbers on the 24th and 25th day p.c. but they became fewer on the following days. (3) Myelinated axons were found very often at the periphery of the axon bundle. The maximum number of myelin layers was 7 on the 25th day p.c. and 30 on the 31st day p.c. (4) Axons at early stages of myelination were seen along with axons with more progressive myelin sheath development. Abnormal structures of myelinated fibers could be demonstrated. Their significance is discussed.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194414

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A patient with Marfan syndrome without a previously documented lung abnormality developed left-sided spontaneous pneumothorax, with complete recovery following short-term intercostal drainage.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194415

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

6 cases of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica are discussed. Diagnoses were established ante mortem. Endoscopic examination was performed in 3 patients because of hematic expectoration, in the other 3 cases the indication was given by chronic bronchorrhea, slow-resolving pneumonia and suspected neoplasia, respectively. Calcification and cartilaginous areas were restricted to a small portion of the tracheobronchial tree in 1 of the cases; in 3 cases the disease affected the trachea and both main bronchi, whereas it was found markedly spread throughout the trachea in the last 2 patients. Tracheal tomography and bronchoscopic examination are considered the methods of choice for an ante mortem diagnosis of this disease.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194416

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1981

数据来源: Karger