摘要:

Ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic agent, which, when administered by inhalation, is an effective bronchodilator in patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. Since other parasympatholytic agents such as atropine and hyoscine depress mucociliary clearance, a potentially deleterious side effect, ipratropium bromide was tested for its effect on this function. We found that ipratropium bromide in therapeutic doses for humans, did not slow tracheal mucous velocity in anesthetized dogs.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193824

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Three selective B2-adrenergic stimulants were studied for their effect on the resting tone and on reversing acetylcholine(ACh)-induced bronchoconstriction in the intra-pulmonary airways of rats in vitro. Neither l-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-[(1l-[4-hydroxybenzyl]-ethyl)-amino]-ethanol-hydrobromide (Fenoterol) nor 2-tert-butyIamino-1-(3,5-dihy-droxyphenyl)-ethanol-sulphate (Terbutaline) had an effect on the resting tone. 4-Amino-3,5-dichlor-α-[(tert-butylamino)-methyl]-benzylalcohol-hydrochloride (NAB 365) caused a significant increase in the bronchial luminal diameter from control in the resting state at concentrations above 10-5 g/ml. Only NAB 365 was effective in reversing ACh-induced bronchoconstriction in concentrations above 10-6 g/ml. Terbutaline and Fenoterol reversed the ACh-induced bronchoconstriction only after the α-receptors had been blocked by phentolamine (10-5-10-4g/ml

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193825

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 12 normal subjects we studied the effects of β-adrenergic stimulation (Salbutamol, 500 μg inhaled) on the closing volume (CV) and the closing capacity and on the ratios of these indexes to the vital capacity (VC) and the total lung capacity, respectively. CV and CV/VC % increased in ten subjects whereas it decreased in two subjects. On an average, the changes were small but significant (p < 0.01) and could be duplicated in four subjects. Similar studies have yielded variable results. The reasons for those variations could be attributed either to technical or/and individual differences in the resulting effect of β-stimulation on respiratory mechani

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193826

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

35 patients with histologically confirmed lung fibrosis by lung biopsy underwent pulmonary function tests. They included whole body plethysmography, flow volume curves, single breath DLco, blood gas analysis and ‘closing point’ determinations by three different methods: differential whole body plethysmography, simultaneous helium bolus and oxygen single breath dilution methods. Our results in normal subjects and in patients with lung fibrosis allowed us to distinguish between patients with and without coexistent small airway disease. There is a good correlation between direct and indirect methods of measuring the ‘closing point’, but a poor reproducibility. The patients with pure lung fibrosis showed small closing volumes (CV) and closing capacities (CC). The difference of FRC-CC was positive in all cases. The closing capacity did not increase with age in patients with lung fibrosis. CC/TLC appears more sensitive than CV/VC for detecting asymptomatic early peripheral airway obstruction. No correlation was found between FRC-CV and the degree of hypoxia at rest. In pure lung fibrosis, altered regional distribution of lung volumes (RV, VC) could explain why we did not find any difference between N2 and helium closing points as in normal subjects. An increased elastic recoil of the lung would explain the abnormally low closing

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193827

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Exposure of male albino rats in the weight range of 70–200 g to 25,000 ft of simulated altitude for 6 h at 32 ° C caused an increase in plasma free fatty acids with decreased oxidation of palmitic acid-1-14C in lung slices of hypoxic rats. The in vivo esterification of palmitic acid-1 – 14C to form triglycerides, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine was also low indicating decreased utilization of fatty acids by hypoxic lungs. De novo lipogenesis was observed to decrease because of decreased fatty acid biosynthesis as judged from acetate-1–14C incorporation. The specific activities of triglycerides, phosphatidylcholine and free cholesterol were also decreased. The decreased incorporation into phosphatidylcholine affected the incorporation into phosphatidylcholine of alveolar surfactant (2,000 g sediment fraction). The results are discussed in view of possible decreased energy status of hypoxic

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193833

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 30 patients with respiratory insufficiency due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and with normal red blood cell counts, the effect of hypoxia on erythropoiesis was studied. Pronounced hypoxaemia was ascertained in all the patients by measuring PaO2. The calculated HbO2 saturation was 85 % in group II, each consisting of 15 patients. Although the RBC counts and Hb concentration were within the limits of normal values, the packed RBC volume was higher than 45 % in all the patients tested. The calculated MCV was increased and the erythropoietin level in plasma, indirectly measured in polycythaemic mouse bioassay, was higher than normal. Macrocytosis was shown to be PaO2-dependent and should be, according to Stohlman’s data, the result of erythropoietin excess and the subsequent cessation of nucleic acid synthesis with skipped terminal division of erythroblasts in the bone marrow. The absence of erythrocytosis in these patients could be explained by a shortened survival time of macrocytes and/or other cause

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193828

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The in vitro and in vivo reproducibility of the quantitative bacteriological analyses of sputum and bronchial secretions has been studied in patients with chronic bronchitis. Sputum produced during bronchial toilet showed a significant higher bacterial numeration than that produced by physiotherapy but the bacterial species identified were identical. No significant variations were observed between the qualitative and quantitative bacteriologic flora of bronchial secretions collected by bronchoscopy from different segments of the airways. Comparison of microbial counts on sputum specimens collected at different periods of the day and at weekly intervals over several weeks revealed that the sputum of clinically stable chronic bronchitic patients contain a relatively constant and potentially pathogenic bacterial flora. The emergence of a superinfection was emphasized by the parallel increase of the leukocytic and bacterial numeration of sputum.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193829

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Salmonella empyema in an immunologically compromised patient with malignant pleural effusion is described. Antimicrobial treatment was ineffective when given parenterally. Intrapleural administration of antibiotics resulted in a rapid rise of the antibacterial activity of the pleural fluid, leading to rapid clinical improvement and eradication of the infection.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193830

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A lung infiltrate found incidentally in an adult was shown radiologically to be the result of a fistula arising from the upper esophagus. At the pulmonary site, the fistula demonstrated several branches with the typical configuration of a rudimentary bronchial tree. The findings are consistent with an unusual type of congenital bronchopulmonary malformation. Ordinarily, accessory lungs are located at the lung base communicating in selected cases with the lower esophagus or the stomach. The embryological explanation lies in an incomplete separation of the tracheobronchial tree from the esophagus.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193831

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000193832

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1977

数据来源: Karger