摘要:

Consecutive spirographic data of 123 pneumonectomized patients obtained before pneumonectomy, at discharge from hospital, in 1955 (CU1) and in 1975 (CU2) are presented. The mean observation time was of more than 20 years. The loss in inspiratory vital capacity (VC) proved considerably smaller than predicted from transversal studies. It was most pronounced in patients with thoracoplasties and in persons with left remaining lungs. The FEV1 as a percentage of total lung capacity (FEV1%TLC) evidently obviated the qualitative pulmonary function loss over the years. At the same time, data from 25 of 33 patients who died between CU1 and CU2 are reported (mean survival time 15.1 years). The survival rate of the initial group of 168 persons at CU1 was 14% below that of a control group of the same population. Life expectancy in pneumonectomized patients proved to depend more on the quantity of the lung parenchyma available, i.e. the actual inspiratory VC than on the quality as judged from the FEV1 in relation to lung volume.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194469

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of bronchodilator treatment (intravenous atropine or inhaled metaproterenol) on the behavior of pulmonary resistance (RL) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) as functions of respiratory frequency were studied in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in apparently normal smokers. No systematic changes in the frequency-dependent behavior of RL and Cdyn were observed after bronchodilator treatment; the degree of frequency dependence increased in some subjects, and decreased or remained unchanged in others. The present results suggest that the effects of bronchodilators on the relationships between lung mechanical properties and respiratory frequency are not based on a single mechanism, but probably reflect the interaction of multiple factors possibly associated with the bronchodilator treatment.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194470

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 20 hypertriglyceridemic normocholesterolemic patients, mean age 51 years (range 42–62), ± 10% ideal body weight, and in 18 normolipidemic controls, mean age 49 years (range 41–63), ± 10% ideal body weight, the following tests were performed: spirometry, flow-volume curves, arterial blood gases, alveolo-capillary transfer of CO, alveolo-arterial gradients of O2 and arterio-alveolar gradients of CO2. A significant decrease in the arterial partial pressure of O2 and in the transfer of CO, with a significant increase in the alveolo-arterial gradient of O2 were found. Hypertriglyceridemia seems to compromise the alveolo-capillary gas exc

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194471

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The role of genetics and environmental factors determining serum concentrations of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) were analyzed in 20 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and 11 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins. Respiratory chemosensitivity to hypoxia and hypercapnia was also measured. Intrapair variances for α2-, β-, and γ-globulins, IgG, IgA, and IgM were significantly smaller than interpair variances in MZ, indicating that these variables are more similar between pairs than among pairs in MZ. In DZ, intrapair variance for IgM was significantly smaller than interpair variance. Intrapair variance in MZ for γ-globulin, IgG, IgA, hypoxic ventilatory response, and hypercapnic ventilatory response were significantly smaller than those in DZ, indicating that these variables are genetically controlled. Subjects with low IgA showed a blunted hypoxic ventilatory response, and subjects with high IgA, a vigorous ventilatory response. These results indicate that while IgM is controlled predominantly by environmental factors, IgA and IgG are genetically determined in young healthy subjects. Serum IgA levels and hypoxic ventilatory response are interrelated in young healthy subje

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194472

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied the effects of hyperoxia and hypercapnia on obstructive apneic episodes (OAE) in a 39-year-old male with the sleep apnea and hypersomnolence syndrome (SAHS). While inspiring room air, our patient spent approximately 50% of his non-REM sleep time in OAE. When the inspired gas was changed to 100% oxygen, the frequency of the OAE decreased slightly, but a statistically significant increase in the duration of each episode was noted. Additionally, a CO2 rebreathe under hyperoxic conditions was carried out during non-REM sleep; no OAE were noted during this rebreathe. Therefore, this latter observation suggests that hypercapnia under hyperoxic conditions may reduce the frequency of OAE in patients with the SAHS.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194473

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Pneumoconioses produced by intratracheal applications of various dusts (quartz, coal, cadmium and lead sulfide) in rats were investigated by electron microscopy in order to follow the pathway of the dust particles from the alveoli into the pulmonary interstitium.As postulated by Spencer in 1977 on the basis of light microscopic investigations, the dust particles produce necroses of the alveolar septae (‘alveolar ulcers’). Two forms of necroses appear to occur: with a less severe dust exposure, individual pneumocytes and their basement membrane are destroyed by dust particles. Dust-laden macrophages are deposited here which are displaced into the stroma after re-epithelization of the alveolar defect. On the other hand, with massive dust exposure, almost all pneumocytes of the affected alveoli become necrotic. The affected alveoli collapse and are replaced by connective tissue, so that the dust is situated in the connective tissue stroma.A transcellular penetration of the dust particles into the pulmonary interstitium or an immigration of dust-laden macrophages into the pulmonary stroma through the intercellular junctions of intact pneumocytes was not observed in any of the pneumoconiosis mod

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194474

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT), the main protease inhibitor of human sera, was studied in a group of 88 children suffering from different pulmonary diseases, with the hope that some of the potential victims of chronic obstructive lung diseases can be identified in time.AAT genetic phenotypes were determined using acid agarose gel electrophoresis, followed by crossed antigen-antibody electrophoresis in agarose gel. Identification of the banding patterns revealed 10.2% of AAT variants. 4.54% of the patients were MZ, 3.40% were MS and 89.77% were MM. During this study, 1 FF and 1 MV subject were also found. All AAT variants were in the group of younger children, under 6 years of age.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194475

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The protective effect of sodium cromoglycate against the bronchospasm induced by exercise in 10 asthmatic subjects was compared with that of placebo in a single-blind study. The drug, which was administered by means of a metered dose aerosol, at a lower dose than is currently used in the therapy of asthma, was shown to be significantly more effective than placebo in preventing postexercise changes in all the respiratory function parameters measured (VC, FEV1 PEFR, MEFR50, TGV and SGaw)

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194476

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We report a case of pigeon breeder’s lung in which chronic airflow obstruction and not restrictive lung disease was predominant. The patient’s disease was severe enough to require hospitalizations twice to reverse respiratory failure. Helium-oxygen flow volume curves were consistent with a peripheral site of flow limitation, and immunoserological studies disclosed specific IgE as well as precipitating antibody responses to pigeon antigens. Immunological studies on 18 other patients with pigeon breeder’s lung demonstrated a prevalence rate of specific IgE antibodies of 78%, a frequency not previously recognized. Exposures to avian antigens must be considered in patients with obstructive lung disease of unknown eti

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194477

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Mediastinal cysts are not uncommon causes of a medistinal mass detected by chest roentgenogram. Even when infected, they are usually indolent. In our case, however, a man had an acute and life-threatening anaerobic infection of a mediastinal cyst, unsuspected until operation.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194478

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger