摘要:

Proteolytic enzymes increase the sensitivity of the bronchial system against acetylcholine when inhaled as aerosols. These experiments were performed on 33 dogs in order to localize the area of sensitivity in the bronchial system responsible for bronchoconstriction. Pronase given in a small dosage as proteolytic enzyme aerosol only to the upper part of the airtract sensitises the lower part of the airways against acetylcholine. Pronase aerosol given to the lower part of the airways needs higher dosages for sensitization to acetylcholine. This effect assumes an interaction between the upper sensoric part in the reflex way of airway obstruction and the lower airways. Changes caused by proteolytic enzymes in the upper part of the airtract can cause increased reactivity of the lower airways.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194089

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

An experimental comparative study has been undertaken to evaluate the action of salmefamol and salbutamol, two sympathomimetic drugs specific for the β-receptors, on tracheal and bronchial smooth muscles. Salmefamol showed a more intense, longer-lasting β-adrenergic activity than salbutamol di

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194090

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The isometric tension of anaphylactic guinea pig trachealis muscle preparation was examined at subphysiologic extracellular calcium concentrations, in vitro. Paired observations of control to passively sensitized (egg albumin antiserum) and antigen-challenged muscles (anaphylaxis) were made by exposure to trace Ca++ followed by cumulative Ca++ replacement. Following anaphylaxis, a leftward shift of the Ca++ concentration-tension responses was found at 0.25–0.5 mM Ca++ (p < 0.001); EC50 was 1.5 × greater than control. A greater maximal tension was also noted at 2.52 mM Ca++. Passively sensitized muscles did not exhibit this heightened response. Subthreshold tissue chemical mediators are tentatively excluded as causative. An increased sensitivity to extracellular Ca++ exists in resting smooth muscle following anaphylax

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194091

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The experiments reported in this work have been performed to measure the effects of acetylcholine and the anticholinergic agent ipratropium bromide on the antigen-induced release of histamine from sensitized human lung in vitro. Primarily, ipratropium bromide did not have any effect, even at higher concentrations. Acetylcholine at a concentration of 1 × 10-7M increased the antigen-induced release of histamine by approximately 41%. When the lung tissue was treated with ipratropium bromide before acetylcholine, the competitive inhibition of the cholinergic receptor almost completely abolished this acetylcholine-induced increase of histamine release. Therefore, in our opinion, anticholinergic agents are primarily useful in vagus-controlled chronic obstructive ventilatory disorders; they are of secondary importance in allergic bronchial asthma

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194092

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The acute broncholytic efficacy and the protective anticonstrictive effectiveness of a new β2-receptor stimulator, Reproterol, was tested in 16 patients with the acetylcholine (ACH) provocation test. Plethysmographic airway resistance determinations (Raw) and flow volume curves (VEmax50%/FVC) were used as assessment parameters. All patients proved susceptible to ACH provocation, in as much they demonstrated a significant rise in the Raw from 2.46 to 11.53 cm H2O / 1 sec and a significant decline of the VEmax50%/FVC from 884 to 565 (ml/sec/1) following ACH administration. With Reproterol inhalation (2 puffs at 500 µ each), almost complete elimination of ACH-induced bronchial constriction was achieved. The ACH provocation with the same patients the following day, however, was almost absent 60 min after oral ingestion of 20 mg of Reproterol tablets. Dose-efficacy studies in 7 volunteers from the same group revealed a subjectively better tolerance of the 10-mg tablets, but with a correspondingly lower antibronchia constrictive efficac

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194093

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

3 asthmatic patients, occupationally exposed to vapors of toluylene diiso-cyanate (TDI), responded with a moderate to strong elevation of airway resistance up to the 26th h after inhalation challenge by 0.006–0.02 ppm TDI. No changes in chest radiographs and in DLCO were found. In none of the patients’ sera, isocyanate-specific antibodies could be detected by RAST and Ouchterlony test. Change of job resulted in one case in an immediate interruption of the asthmatic symptoms, whereas in 2 patients recovery was slow over a period of 3 to 8 months and not complete. Our investigations suggest a toxic effect of isocyanates, which depends on their concentrations, and an important pharmacological reaction; but, up to now, there were no signs of allergic mechani

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194094

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The present communication is a report of a case where histological changes, identical to those described recently to be of condylomatous nature in the genital tract, were found in the bronchial epithelium adjacent to an invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The significance of this finding in the light of squamous cell carcinogenesis is discussed, and the conclusion is drawn that these lesions are worth recording until proved to be unrelated to the carcinogenesis, or to be involved in it.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194095

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger