摘要:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) determinations were made in serum and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 20 controls and in 28 patients with sarcoidosis. Serum ACE was significantly higher in patients with active sarcoidosis (54.3 ± 19.0 SD nmol/ml/ min; n = 24) compared to controls (25.7 ± 8.2; n = 20) or to patients with inactive sarcoidosis (23.6 ± 7.3; n = 4). In contrast, ACE in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was similar in nonsmoking controls (16.4 ± 7.3 nmol/ml/min/macrophage; n = 8), smoking controls (10.4 ± 11.9; n = 7); nonsmoking active sarcoidosis patients (16.7 ± 14.6; n = 10), smoking sarcoidosis patients (17.9 ± 8.4; n = 6) and inactive sarcoidosis patients (14.5 ± 8.2; n = 3). Since ACE has been demonstrated by immunofluorescence in mono-nuclear phagocytes in granulomas, the authors speculate that macrophages recovered by alveolar lavage are not activated and do not reflect sarcoid alveolitis at the tissu

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194479

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

In 35 patients with pulmonary sarcoidoses we explored the utility of single breath nitrogen washout as a means for detecting abnormalities in airway function and intrapulmonary distribution of air. Closing volume/vital capacity ratio (CV/VC) was 21% (predicted 12.5%) in patients with only hilar adenopathy (stage I). CV/VC was 21% (predicted 13%) in patients with hilar adenopathy and parenchymal infiltration (stage II). Abnormalities in CV/VC were less readily detectable in patients with parenchymal infiltrates only (stage III) or those with bullous lesions and lung retraction (stage IV). Closing capacity was abnormally high in 66% of the cases. The slope of the alveolar plateau (&karsi028;N2/L) increased with disease progression. Single breath nitrogen test provides useful information concerning the function of small airways and distribution of pulmonary ventilation in all stages of sarcoidosis.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194480

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Pulmonary function was measured in 24 sarcoidosis patients, 17 nonsmokers and 7 smokers. 12 (4 smokers) had evidence of small airway disease and 6 patients (3 smokers) had evidence of large airway disease. A significantly greater proportion of smokers had an increased closing volume, and closing volume appears to be the most sensitive test for small airway disease in sarcoidosis. However, 3 patients with normal closing volumes had evidence of small airway disease by forced expiratory flow rates or frequency dependence of compliance. We conclude that there is a high incidence of small airway disease in patients with sarcoidosis. There also appears to be a synergism between sarcoidosis and smoking that leads to a significant degree of hyperinflation of the lung.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194481

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We studied 10 normal volunteers with single-breath nitrogen tests before and after methacholrne-induced bronchoconstriction. On the first day we challenged each subject with increasing methacholine concentrations to obtain a 20% drop in the partial forced expired volume in 1 s/partial forced vital capacity ratio. This resulted in an increased residual volume (RV) from 1,536 ± 138 to 2,371 ± 216 ml (mean ± SEM, p < 0.01). On the following day we did single-breath nitrogen tests from RV, RV + AV (AY is the individual’s RV increase after bronchoprovocation) and after a similar methacholine rechallenge. Baseline slope of phase III was 0.88 ± 0.11% N2/l (mean ± SEM), 1.36 ± 0.22% N2/l with the RV + AY test (p < 0.01), and 2.84 ± 0.68% N2/l with bronchoconstriction (p < 0.05). The results show that the changes in RV per se accounted for 24% of the increase in the slope of phase III seen with bronchopro

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194482

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We assessed ventilatory responses of 8 women to chronic contraceptive pill administration. We also studied 5 non-pill-taking women to determine if our techniques were capable of detecting the known ventilatory changes in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. During the high-progestin phase, relative to the low-progestin phase, the pill group had a mean increase in slope of CO2 response of 0.78 litres/min/mm Hg, a mean decrease in resting PETCO2 of 1.3 mm Hg, and no change in hypoxic sensitivity. The non-pill group had no change in slope of CO2 response, a mean decrease in resting PetCO2 of 1.1 mm Hg, and no change in hypoxic sensitivity. We conclude that the contraceptive pills studied cause a slight hyperventilation that is probably mediated by a central mechanism, as no changes in peripheral response were detected.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194483

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Changes in ECG during and after exercice were analyzed in 17 patients with exercise-induced asthma (ElA) and in 12 control patients (asthmatic patients without exercise-induced bronchial obstruction). The changes in ECG were compared with those in peak expiratory flow (PEF) rate and in arterial Pco2, Po2·and pH. It was found that in El A the amplitude of the P wave increased in the inferior leads and decreased in the aVL lead during and after exercise. In addition, the amplitude of the R wave diminished and the amplitude of the S wave increased in the anterior precordial leads during bronchoconstriction. The changes in the ECG of the control patients were small and were already beginning to return to normal 4 min after exercise, whereas the changes in El A patients persisted for 4–10 min after exercise. In El A, a significant negative correlation was found between the PEF rate and the amplitude of the P wave in leads II, III and aVF. In addition, the PEF rate and the amplitude of the S wave in the V3 lead showed significant negative correlation. Almost no changes were observed in Po2, or Pco2, in the EIA or in the control patients. The pH decreased significantly in both groups during exercise. The PEF rate did not correlate with arterial Po2, Pco2 or pH after exercise in E

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194484

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The sputa of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease show high histamine concentrations with large individual variations. The fluorometric and the biologic method correlate statistically significantly. Histamine concentrations decrease significantly, during 60 min at 37 °C, by different amounts in different patients. The measured histamine concentration can cause bronchoconstriction. The histamine and the NaCl control solutions have been found to liberate histamine into the blood, measured as free plasma histamine. There are still many questions open which should be solved because the histamine concentration in the sputum could play an important role in chronic obstructive lung disease

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194485

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

We have studied the allergen-specific in vitro histamine release (HR) in 38 flour-sensitive bakers and in 10 controls without occupational exposure after whole blood incubation with native wheat and rye flour and compared the results with the findings in RAST, skin and bronchial provocation tests. The mean in vitro HR from whole blood after incubation with rye flour amounted to 38.1% (range 0–100%) in flour-sensitive bakers and to 8.2% in the controls (p < 0.005). Concerning the quantity of HR, no significant differences were found when bakers with meal rhinitis or those with flour-induced asthma were compared. Qualitative analysis, however, showed a close correlation between the frequency of positive HR and the severity of the allergic disorder (rhinitis versus asthma). Comparison of in vitro HR with the findings in RAST and skin tests gave a strong correlation of concordant results with the severity of the underlying disease. The highest coincidence of tests was found in patients with flour-induced asthma. The sensitivity of HR was very high when compared with RAST, skin and provocation tests. Although the assay of HR from whole blood may be a very specific indicator of cell sensitivity in the field of allergy research, the present findings indicate that the conventional methods for diagnosing flour allergy in bakers such as inhalative provocation tests cannot be replaced by this in vitro techniqu

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194486

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Adult rats were exposed to the solvents n-hexane and methylethylketone (MEK) in different concentrations. Lung tissue was examined systematically after various periods by electron microscopy. The direct toxic effect to pneumocytes could be demonstrated as definite regressive alterations, such as fatty degeneration and changements of lamellar bodies of type II pneumocytes as well as increased detachment of cells. Besides these findings, after chronic inhalation of solvents conspicuous aggregation of lamellar discharge material of type II pneumocytes can be seen, and probably, as a result of an irritated fat metabolism, large lysosome-like bodies with densely packed lipid material appear in type I pneumocytes. The most distinguished changements could be demonstrated after exposure to a mixture of n-hexane and MEK, while they were less obvious after n-hexane alone. The observation suggests a profound enzymatic irritation of metabolism.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194487

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

2 brothers with mediastinal histoplasmosis are described. The physiopathology of the illness is reviewed with the emphasis on the antigenic theory. The pericardium is rather frequently affected during the illness, but a myocardiac involvement, which has been documented in 2 out of 3 cases, has rarely or never been reported. Considering this possibility, the authors suggest that an electrocardiography and an angiocardiography should be done before thoracotomy.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194488

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1982

数据来源: Karger