摘要:

Collateral ventilation was determined in 13 isolated human lungs obtained at postmortem. These included lungs from patients with pneumonia (2 cases), metastatic breast carcinoma (3), emphysema (5), pulmonary fibrosis (2) and hemorrhagic abscess (1). The amount of collateral ventilation was variable and related to the pathological process within the lung. Flow and resistance of collateral pathways were determined for each studied lung. Demonstration of collateral flow was made with the use of 133 Xe and recorded by radiographic imaging. Further demonstration of the collateral pathways was done by use of 1 μm sized particles of tantalum. Histological examination showed tantalum dust to accumulate at gaps in the alveolar wall at the lobar junction and to pass through this area. Although the sample population is small, no correlation was found for age and the amount of flow through the channels. This study demonstrated that alveolar pores play a role in collateral ventilation. No collateral flow was observed in six pediatric lungs tested. It is likely that collateral ventilation is an acquired phenomenon in humans

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194018

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

25 mongrel dogs (average b. w. 24.6 kg) were studied on several occasions at rest and during treadmill exercise of up to 10 mph (15% incline). Minute ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), tidal volume (VT) and respiratory frequency (f) were determined at rest and at each level of exercise. Individual variability in resting VO2 was considerable (71–695 ml/min). Most often the dogs panted, with VE’s above 25 liters/min and f’s above 100 min-1. The average VE/VO2 was 109 at rest. VO2 was linearly related to VE (VO2 = 9.17 VE + 66.9; r = 0.80). Differences in resting VE were largely due to differences in f (f = 3.57 VE + 21.2; r = 0.82). Considerable individual variability in VO2 for a given work load was also observed during exercise. Some dogs showed significant differences in VO2 from experiment to experiment while running at a given treadmill speed. These differences were largely related to the levels of VE. VE/VO2 decreased to 50. We found a leveling off of VO2 (at about 60 ml/min/kg) at treadmill speeds of 5 mph, suggesting that the maximal VO2 in dogs is less than previously rep

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194019

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Lung scanning was performed in 12 subjects who had pulmonary oedema of high altitude (POHA) before, and in 8 men who had been at high altitude without developing pulmonary oedema. Scanning done before and after 5 min 10% O2 breathing showed (a) increased perfusion in POHA subjects after hypoxia, (b) more in the lower than in upper zones, and (c) striking increase in perfusion in localised areas. In controls, however, there was significant reduction in perfusion after hypoxia in most areas. The reduction was less marked in the lower zones than in the upper zones. POHA subjects were hyperreactors to hypoxia, compared to controls. It is concluded that scanning before and after hypoxic breathing might help in differentiating hyperreactors.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194023

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The bronchoconstrictor effect of antigen was tested in 15 dogs. The upper and the lower airways were sequently exposed through a specially confected endotracheal tube. The antigen was also generally administered through a mouth mask. Bronchoconstriction was induced after each kind of exposure. The results argue for reflex bronchoconstriction. The sensory receptors localized in the upper part of the airways are responsible for about 50% of antigen-induced bronchoconstriction. The decrease of PO2a was less marked following Ascaris suum extract aerosol administration to the upper part of the airways. Control measurements demonstrated the reproducibility of antigen-induced bronchoconstriction.

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194020

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

15 patients with chronic airway obstruction were submitted to a program of pulmonary rehabilitation. After having been studied first with clinical, radiological and functional tests (spirometry, spontaneous breathing and arterial blood gases), they were treated in the respiratory ambulance care unit for about 4 weeks. Subsequently they were hospitalized. On entering the hospital, the same tests were performed and were completed by (a) plethysmographic measurements (TLC, FRC, Raw) and flow volume curves, (b) arterial blood gases (pH, PaCO2, PaO2) and hematocrit, at rest and at 40-watt exercise, and (c) determination of VO2max. The treatment consisted of (1) bronchodilators and, if necessary, antibiotics, (2) directed breathing (DB) and (3) a 30-min exercise session daily with an oxygen cart (FIO2 0.35) and DB. The length of the treatment varied between 3 and 6 weeks, and afterwards the whole set of clinical and functional tests was started again. There was no noticeable difference between the first consultation and just before treatment at the hospital. The lack of beneficial effects, while the patients were ambulatory, shows that the drugs used are not helpful in producing long-lasting changes. After pulmonary rehabilitation, subjective and objective improvement could be ascertained for most patients. There was an improvement in the maximal mobility of the diaphragm (3 ± 1.2 and 4 ± 1.4 cm to 5 ± 1.6 and 7 ± 2.1 cm on the right and left side, respectively; p < 0.001 in both cases) in VC (p < 0.001), FEV1/VC % (p < 0.01), maximal flow at 50% of VC (p < 0.05), PaO2 at rest (p < 0.01) and at 40-watt exercise (p < 0.001), and tidal volume at rest and at maximal exercise level (p < 0.01), while the respiratory rate was lower (p < 0.02). VO2max increased significantly (p < 0.01). These results, much more conclusive than the results of each of these three treatments taken one by one, confirm the objective efficacy of the association of the therapeutic means availa

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194021

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A group of 6 males with severe α1-antitrypsin deficiency, underwent clinical and pulmonary function evaluation. Findings were compared to those in a group of males with different degrees of airflow obstruction, comparable ages and tobacco consumption, but with normal serum levels of α1-antitrypsin. The deficient group was characterized by: (1) a relatively early appearance of symptoms; (2) disturbed lung scans, mostly in the basal zones; (3) radiological evidence, in most cases, of pulmonary emphysema with, in particular, bullae in the lower lung zones; (4) hypoxemia without hypercapnia and a decreased TCO/ VA, and (5) a more or less severe reduction of maximal expiratory flows largely, but not exclusively due to a decrease in lung elastic recoil. Clinical and functional parameters did not permit a clear distinction between the deficient and non-deficient group

ISSN:0025-7931    

DOI:10.1159/000194022

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1979

数据来源: Karger