摘要:

AbstractWhy did tax reform succeed in gaining passage while the family assistance plan failed? Using cultural theory, we argue that the active consent of elites from three political cultures is required before radical policy proposals will win political support in America. Although the Nixon administration cast the income maintenance plan in integrative terms—support for the family—it failed because egalitarian leaders demanded more. Tax reform succeeded because elites of the three cultures—individualists, egalitarians, and supporters of hierarchy—saw benefits in the plan and were willing to com

ISSN:0276-8739    

DOI:10.2307/3323347

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConsistent with the recent national trend to dismantle or limit the scope of regulatory agencies and controls, the military services are taking increasing advantage of competition to secure low, realistic prices and costs, as well as improved performance and reliability, for weapons and replacement parts. Using the purchase of combat aircraft and related systems as examples, this article assesses the effects of market structure on competition. Although competition can be effective, the unusual incentives flowing from interservice rivalry and the parochial interests of individual legislators often allow contractors to underbid or “buy in” on early development and production contracts and to “get well” on later contracts. Expanding the role of competition within the present institutional framework holds the potential for some improvement in the procurement process. More fundamental change is necessary to alter the role of Congress and eliminate the influence of undesirable rivalry among the s

ISSN:0276-8739    

DOI:10.2307/3323348

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article measures welfare and distributive effects of public market interventions in forestry. These interventions represent both the demand (Jones Act shipping restrictions and minimum wage restrictions) and supply (state forest practice acts, forest incentives payments, taxes and public land management) sides of the market. The authors evaluate how well these programs promote the three standard economic justifications for market intervention: market failure, distributive justice, and stabilization. Their results indicate that, with the single exception of Timber Mart South (a government‐sponsored price‐reporting service), all market interventions fail to accomplish their efficiency and distributive objectives. Furthermore, the authors find that targeted regulatory programs (such as State Forest Practice Acts) have small impacts when compared to effects of taxation and public owners

ISSN:0276-8739    

DOI:10.2307/3323349

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere is evidence that past and current forecasts by the Social Security Administration (SSA) substantially underestimate future U.S. Populations of age 65 and older. The policy significance of this can be seen in the forecasts by other researchers that predict outlays of $30 to $50 billion more for Social Security retirees in the year 2000 than projected by the SSA. Clearly, we need an improved 15‐to 20‐year forecast of the aged—one that combines the use of time‐series forecasting methods and expert opinions on future mortality trends. This forecast would supplement SSA's current long‐term (75‐year) actuarial projections and provide policy makers with improved information for monitoring Social Security and other programs for the aged. This article recommends that independent advisory groups be established to provide SSA with advice to support development of this shorter‐

ISSN:0276-8739    

DOI:10.2307/3323350

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0276-8739    

DOI:10.2307/3323351

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMortgage revenue bond (MRB) programs are frequently justified on the basis that they enable low‐ or moderate‐income families to purchase houses that they otherwise could not afford. This article argues that evaluations of MRB programs must include estimates of the responses of buyers and sellers to the subsidies. The empirical evidence indicates that the behavioral responses reduce the efficiency of MRB programs (the amount of the subsidies provided to targeted households) and cause the subsidies to be distributed more inequitably than previous research has shown. The capitalization of 10% to 14% of the value of MRB subsidies diverts some of the program benefits to sellers. Horizontal inequities are created because one group of moderate‐income households use the subsidies to purchase more housing services than unsubsidized households with the same in

ISSN:0276-8739    

DOI:10.2307/3323352

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study explores forces that push public agencies to overcome barriers to cooperation. Case studies of nine groups of local school districts examined the pressures that shaped local participation in cooperative programs. The literature on relationships among organizations suggests six possible reasons to bear the costs of cooperation: to get more resources, to satisfy norms and values, to obtain political advantage, to solve problems, to reduce uncertainty, and to obey legal mandates. Data from the cases illustrate strengths and weaknesses of these six theoretical lines of argument as they apply to the decisions of public managers coping with complex realities. A process model of cooperation integrates the lessons of the data into a perspective that highlights the role of demands for improved performance. The model offers realistic guidance for the design of workable cooperative relationships.

ISSN:0276-8739    

DOI:10.2307/3323353

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe common explanation for the expansion of bureaus is based on rationalist reasoning. Bureaus grow because it is in the interest of the central decision makers to have them grow. This article presents a different explanation, drawing on the organizational‐processes literature. It argues that administrative growth occurs as a byproduct of managers dealing with more immediate concerns, not because it is pursued for its own value. Part of the explanation includes arguments for the highly reactive and highly interactive nature of managerial work. The ways in which the combined behaviors of individual managers translate into organizational expansion are illustrated using data comprised of 29,640 random observations of 52 managers at wor

ISSN:0276-8739    

DOI:10.2307/3323354

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0276-8739    

DOI:10.2307/3323355

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0276-8739    

DOI:10.2307/3323356

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY