摘要:

SummaryWhen domestic ruminants cyclically infected withTrypanosoma congolenseare superinfected with a different serodeme of the same species, an interference phenomenon occurs which delays the development of the second cyclical infection. Experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of the time interval between the two infections on the degree of interference and to follow the course of the superinfection clinically, serologically and histologically. Goats infected with tsetse‐transmittedT. congolenseIL 1587 were either infected simultaneously or 7, 14, 18, 28 or 35 days later with a different serodeme,T. congolenseIL 1180. Skin reactions due to superinfection were either absent or smaller in size and delayed in onset compared with control animals undergoing a primary infection withT. congolenseIL 1180 which had been initiated by tsetse fly bites. All animals were treated with the trypanocidal drug Berenil 21 days after superinfection and 3 weeks later challenged withT. congolenseIL 1180 using tsetse flies. The goats that had been infected simultaneously with the two serodemes were immune to the homologous challenge, but 11 (85%) of the animals that had been superinfected were not. The effect of interference on the host immune response toT. congolenseIL 1180 was most marked in animals superinfected at day 7; thereafter there was evidence that the ability to respond immunologically against secondary infection was gradually recovered. Histological examination of skin removed 7 days after a simultaneous infection of goats with two serodemes, showed trypanosomes and a cellular reaction similar to that following infection with a single serodeme. In skin removed 7 days after superinfection of goats that had been infected for 7 days, the cellular response was less pronounced and trypanosomes were not seen, although by 14 to 16 days numerous trypanosomes were present and there was a marked cellular infiltrate. It is postulated that the presence or absence of a factor induced shortly after initiation of a trypanosome infection in the skin of goats might delay parasite development when metacyclic trypanosomes are deposited by tsetse following superinfectio

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1986.tb00847.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryGuinea‐pigs vaccinated with highly irradiated cercariaeof Schistosoma mansonihave been examined for their ability to kill challenge parasites at the level of the liver. Skin and lung phase attrition were eliminated by surgical introduction of 4/5 day old schistosomula, or 2, 3 or 6 week schistosomes into the mestenteric vasculature of vaccinated and naive animals. These experiments showed consistently that lung schistosomula and 2 week old parasites were killed preferentially by sensitized animals, but that older worms were refractory. Liver phase immune elimination would therefore seem to be a stage‐dependent phenomenon in the vaccinated guinea pig model of schistosomia

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1986.tb00848.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe surface, excretory/secretory and intracellular compartments ofTaenia saginataoncospheres were analysed by a combination of immunochemical techniques and by the use of selected hybridoma antibodies. The surface proteins of the oncospheres were directly iodinated by the lactoperoxidase technique and the intracellular and excretory/secretory components were labelled biosyntheti‐cally by culturein vitrowith35S‐methionine. Analysis of radiolabeled proteins by SDS‐PAGE revealed a restricted number of components in all of these three compartments. Mouse derived monoclonal antibodies directed against the oncospheral stage of this parasite demonstrated both stage specific and common determinants on the surfaces of the oncospheres and the metacestodes. One monoclonal (IgM) antibody, reactive with the oncosphere surface, which had a half life of 4–1 days when injected into calves, conferred protection against oral infection withT. saginataeggs. A monoclonal antibody reactive with a major secreted component did not confer passive pro

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1986.tb00849.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryDuringin vitrotransformation ofSchistosoma mansonicercariae into schistosomula, surface and glandular materials are released into the culture medium. Extracts of these materials, termed cercarial released extracts 1 and 2 (CRE‐1 and CRE‐2), were analysed and found to consist primarily of protein and carbohydrate at ratios of 5:1 (CRE‐1) and 7:1 (CRE‐2). It was observed that inclusion of either CRE‐1 or CRE‐2 in cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMN) led to decreased cell proliferation. This was true whether the cells were resting, control cultures or were stimulated with either phytohaemagglutinin or an antigenic preparation from adultS. mansoniworms. The inhibition was equally effective with PBMN of patients with active schistosomal infection or PBMN from uninfected individuals. Since these materials are released spontaneously during cercarial‐to‐schistosomular transformation they may have a putative immunosuppressive effect in decreasing anti‐schistosomular activities early after cerc

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1986.tb00850.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe humoral responses of eight cats infected withBrugia pahangito somatic antigens from all life‐cycle stages were examined quantitatively by ELISA and qualitatively by immunoblotting for almost a year post infection. Six cats spontaneously became amicrofilaraemic: their production of IgG antibodies against somatic antigens of microfilariae, adults, and infective larvae was not statistically higher than that of the two cats which remained microfilaraemic. However, immunoblotting revealed that those cats which spontaneously became amicrofilaraemic selectively recognized certain microfilaria!, adult and infective larval somatic antigens prior to disappearance of microfilariae from the peripheral circulation. The data suggest that selective recognition of antigens by some cats is responsible for the production of antibodies which may then promote microfilarial deat

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1986.tb00851.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe surface antigens of adultNecator americanuswere recognized by post‐infection hamster sera and resolved at molecular weight 93000, 67000, 46000, 43000, 32000 and 25000. L4 larvae in contrast had one major surface antigen, resolving at 93000. These antigens were also recognized by a range of human sera, although on a differential basis. This suggests that the human sera tion. However, the results do indicate that the hamster model might be of immunological relevance to the human disease state, in that infected hamster recognized the full cuticular antigen spectrum of adultNecator.This, at least, gives the experimenter a convenient reference point from which to conduct further experiments incorporating parameters such as re‐infection, anthelmintic treatment and genetic variability to study the effect of these modifications on the serological respo

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1986.tb00852.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA monoclonal antibody (4H5) recognizing aTheileria annulatainfection‐associated antigen was assayed to see if it could either suppress the proliferation ofT. annulata‐infectedlymphoblastoid cells, as monitored by the incorporation of triated thymidine by proliferating host cells, or lyseT. annulata‐infectedlymphoblastoid cells, as assessed by counts of target cell numbers and examination of Giemsa stained smears. These assays showed that binding of the monoclonal antibody, in the presence of complement, both lysed and suppressed the proliferation of theT. annulataHissar‐infected cell line against which this monoclonal antibody was raised. This effect extended both to other (allogeneic)T. annulataHissar‐infected cell lines and to lymphoblastoid cell lines infected with other geographical stocks ofT. annulata.An uninfected bovine lymphoid cell line was not affected by the antibody. The results obtained in thesein vitroexperiments are taken to mean that binding of the monoclonal antibody 4H5 to aT. annulatainfection‐associated antigen, in the presence of complement, will lyse and suppress specifically the proliferation ofT. annulata‐infectedlymphoblastoid cells. These observations raise the possibility that immunization of cattle with the purifiedT. annulatainfection‐associated antigen recognized by this monoclonal antibody may provoke immune responses which are capable of suppressing the proliferation ofT. annulata‐infectedlymphoblastoid cellsin vivoand thus provide an effective method of immunoprophylaxis against trop

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1986.tb00853.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe proportion of T lymphocyte populations was assessed using monoclonal antibodies (OKT 3, OKT 4, OKT 8) and spontaneous E‐rosette tests with SRBC (for total and active TE cells) in 36 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis subdivided according to the clinical variety. The T cell profile was normal in patients with simple cutaneous leishmaniasis of early ulcerative type whereas active TE cells and OKT 4 positive cells were reduced in some cases of late ulcerative type. A significant reduction of active TE cells and of OKT 4 positive cells (helper/inducerphenotype) and increase of OKT 8 positive cells (suppressor/ cytotoxic phenotype) was observed in peripheral blood of all patients with persistent active lesions and leishmaniasis recidivans. In patients with highly ulcerated persistent lesions a low proportion of active TE cells was also demonstrated in cellular extracts from dermal tissue. The results support the data obtained in experimental leishmaniasis that lack of helper/inducer cells and generation of suppressor T cells may be responsible for the development of chronic leishmaniasi

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1986.tb00854.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA comparison of the humoral response to resistant (NIH) and susceptible (C3H) strains of mice, which reject adult worms at different rates during a primary infection, was made following infection withTrichinella spiralis.The serum concentration of immunoglobulins of the heavy chain classes IgM, IgGl, IgG2, IgG3 and IgA were determined by single radial immunodiffusion. Antibodies of the same immunoglobulin isotypes to biochemically defined, stage specific surface and secreted components of three stages of parasite development were also determined using an isotype specific immuno‐coprecipitation assay. Independent variation of the responses of each immunoglobulin isotype was observed. The specific anti‐parasite response did not reflect total serum immunoglobulin levels in all immunoglobulin classes, and this is discussed in relation to basic mechanisms of immunoglobulin class switching. Finally a close correlation was observed in resistant (NIH) mice between the production of IgA antibody to surface components of adult worms and accelerated expulsion of this stage of the worm from the gastrointestinal tract. The possible relevance of this IgA response is further indicated by the failure of susceptible mice to synthesise IgA antibodies to the same surface antig

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1986.tb00855.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1986.tb00856.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY