摘要:

SummaryAotus trivirgatus monkeys of karyotype 2 were treated as follows. Three received two injections of purified merozoites of a knobless (K‐) clone of Plasmodium falciparum with muramyl dipeptide as adjuvant; three received similar injections but with merozoites of a wild‐type knobby (K+) strain; three controls received MDP with human erythrocytes in the amounts estimated to be present as contaminants in the merozoite preparations. A month after the second injection all nine monkeys were inoculated with parasites of the wild‐type knobby strain from another infected Aotus. The monkeys that had received the K‐material developed only extremely low infections markedly different from the infections in the controls. Of those that received K+material, one died early with low parasitaemia, one was protected and one had the same level of infection as the controls. In the combined group of immunized animals, four out of six were pr

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00739.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe appearance and development of cutaneous hypersensitivity to epimastigote antigen was followed during the early phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. The effect of living BCG on the kinetics of skin reactivity was studied in animals infected with T. cruzi blood trypomastigotes or artificially immunized with disrupted epimastigotes. BCG stimulated the immediate response in infected animals while preferentially stimulating delayed responses in immunized animals. Infection with living blood trypomastigotes depressed already existing delayed‐type responses. The development of delayed‐type responses was also impaired in animals immunized in the course of the infect

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00740.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary. The effect of Leishmania tropica major excreted factor (EF) on human immune and normal mononuclear peripheral blood cells has been studied. The response of lymphocytes to stimulation either specifically with leishmanial antigens or non‐specifically with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in the presence of EF was tested by the uptake of3[H]thymidine. The results showed that EF inhibits the response of cells from immune donors to leishmanial antigens and from normal donors to PHA or PPD. Adherent and non‐adherent cells were separated and the effect of EF on both populations was analysed. The results showed that EF inhibited blast transformation if both EF and antigen were presented to each of the separate populations. The inhibition of the adherent cells (mainly monocytes) was more marked than the inhibition of the nonadherent population (mainly lymphocyt

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00741.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMice infected with lethal P. berghei or P. yoelii malaria develop anti‐lymphocyte autoantibodies less than a week after infection. The autoantibodies are IgM, T‐dependent and cytotoxic to a subpopulation of non‐T lymphocytes at 37°C in the presence of mouse or guinea‐pig complement. Non‐lethal P. yoelii and P. chabaudi do not induce these autoantibodies. X‐irradiated P. berghei parasites induce autoantibodies in normal mice but not in mice infected with non‐lethal P. yoelii suggesting an active suppressor mechanism in the non‐

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00742.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryCattle were vaccinated with Brucella abortus (S19) vaccine during acute (25 days) and chronic (25 weeks) Trypanosoma congolense and chronic Trypanosoma vivax (25 weeks) infections in order to determine the effect of such infections on the antibody response to the vaccine. It was found that the specific antibody responses of IgG1and IgG2sub‐classes were profoundly depressed (80%) in both the acute and chronic infections with T. congolense. Whereas IgM antibody response was also profoundly depressed (90%) in cattle with the acute infection, it was only 50% depressed in those with chronic infection. There was no depression of IgG1, IgG2, or IgM in cattle infected with T. vivax. These animals, however, had no detectable parasitaemia at the time of vaccination and thereafter. These results suggest that during acute infection with T. congolense depressive mechanisms could be acting on the afferent arm of the immune response, namely, antigen recognition and/or processin

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00743.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryInvestigations were initiated to study the possible detection and measurement of coproantibodies in animals infected with a gastrointestinal nematode parasite. Faecal extracts, extracts of small intestinal mucosa and sera of rats infected with intestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis were examined for total IgA, IgM and IgG levels and haemagglutinating and precipitating antibodies specific to parasite antigens over a 30‐day‐period following infection. It was found that in both faecal and mucosal extracts immunoglobulin concentrations increased after a primary infection. In faecal extracts there was a seven‐fold increase of IgA, a three to six‐fold increase of IgG and about a fifty‐fold increase of IgM. Haemagglutinins in faecal extracts detected by adult worm excretory‐secretory (ES) products and adult worm and infective larvae somatic extracts were observed from 3 days after infection (DAI). Haemagglutinins detected by ES products reached their highest titres on 11–12 DAI while those reacting with adult worm somatic extracts showed the highest level between IS and 19 DAI. A similar pattern of response was found in the antibody levels of the intestinal mucosa. Haemagglutinins detected in faeces during the first 12 DAI reacted with the same antigens as antibodies present in the sera at that time but coproantibodies from 18, 24 and 30 DAI were different from those circulating in sera at that stage of the infection. The results suggest that measurement of coproantibody levels may provide a convenient and useful index of local immune responses to gastrointesti

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00744.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA radioimmunoassay has been developed that uses antisera raised to different excretory‐secretory antigens of infective larvae of Trichinella spiralis (LESA) to measure accurately the output of these antigens following gamma irradiation at doses from 10 to 120 Krads. In the lower range (up to 20 Krads) irradiation results in the increased export of antigens to the culture supernatant in a subsequent 3 h period, without obvious or gross damage to the worms. Higher doses (>40 Krads) suppress antigen release over the same period compared with the activity of untreated (control) cultures. This work makes two contributions. It describes a sensitive assay system which detects and measures parasite antigens that may be important both in protection and in serodiagnosis, and it offers for the first time an explanation for the special properties of the lower dose range larval irradiation‐attenuated vaccine in inducing a high degree of reinfection resistance, as reported in older literature and recently confirmed by

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00745.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe influence of host genetics on susceptibility of mice to Brugia malayi microfilariae and its possible mechanism were studied. There was a strain‐association for duration and peak level of microfilaraemia: CBA/CaJ, C3H/HeJ, DBA/1J, AuSs/J and A.Sw/Snhad a short duration (3–5 days) and low parasitemia (19–26 parasites/100 /il blood) compared to C57Br/cdJ, AKR/J, C57BL/6J, 129/J, BALB/cJ, DBA/2J, B10.D2/NSn, B10.D2/OSn and SJL/J(duration of 58–73 days, peak parasitaemia of 58–74 parasites/100 μl blood). Relative resistance to microfilariae was not related to the H‐2 complex as determined in studies of congenic C3H.B10 (H‐2b) and B10.H‐2kmice and their background strains. This trait was inherited in a dominant fashion and involved a single or small number of genes. Serum anti‐microfilarial antibodies reached highest levels in strains with a long duration compared to those with a short duration of parasitaemia (geometric mean titres of 1:13450 vs 1:284). The distribution of5lCr‐labelled microfilariae among the livers, spleens, lungs and kidneys of a resistant (CBA/CaJ) and a susceptible (C57BL/6J) strain was similar. Transfer of immune lymphoid cells or sera between histocompatible (H‐2k) resistant CBA/CaJmice and susceptible C57Br/cdJ animals did not alter the durat

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00746.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPolyvalent antisera generated in rabbits to soluble haemolymph components from Schistosoma /warworn‐susceptible (PR albino ‘M line’) and S. /warworn‐resistant (10‐R2) stocks of the snail Biomphalaria glabrata were employed as membrane probes to determine if antigens related to snail haemolymph were produced by the early larval stages of S. mansoni (PR‐1 strain). Using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopical methods we have demonstrated that antibodies to susceptible (anti‐Suscept) and resistant (anti‐Resist) snail haemolymph (Hg‐depleted fraction) crossreact with miracidial epidermal and ciliary membranes as well as the surface membranes of intercellular ridges. Primary sporocysts, both transformed in vitro and maintained in culture for various time intervals in the absence of snail‐derived factors, retain haemolymph‐like antigens on their surface tegument although at reduced levels in comparison to miracidial stages. Furthermore prolonged cultivation of sporocysts (48 h) has little effect on the density of crossreacting tegumental antigens suggesting that as sporocysts mature these antigenic components are continually being expressed at the surface membrane. Since miracidia and sporocysts were derived in media devoid of snail host materials, shared antigens on larval surfaces are believed to be of parasite origin and constitute true molecular mimicry as defined by Damian (1979). The occurrence of crossreacting antibodies in both anti‐Suscept and anti‐Resist antisera further suggests that mimicked haemolymph‐like antigens include at least some which are

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00747.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA means of selecting cells on the basis of histocompatibility type within bovine lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL's) infected with protozoan parasites of the genus Theileria is described. Using this technique it has been possible to demonstrate that T. parva may have a more restricted target cell population in the particular in vitro systems studied than T. annulata.

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00748.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY