摘要:

SummaryIn vitro lymphocyte transformation was studied in 24 subjects 12 months after vaccination with live Leishmania tropica major vaccine, in 10 normal control subjects and in three controls residing in an endemic area. The vaccines had lesions in various stages of clinical development. Lymphocytes from all the subjects were studied for their response to stimulation with L. tropica major promastigotes. Lymphocytes of vaccinated subjects responded to low concentrations of antigen whereas the lymphocyte response of the controls tended to be depressed by the same concentration of the antigen. Serum from each subject was subjected to a study of the humoral antibody titre against L. tropica major and L. donovani using indirect immunofluorescence. A humoral response to L. donovani was present in a majority of vaccinees who had developed a positive lesion whereas no such response was present in any of the controls. The data suggest that high humoral responses were accompanied by relatively low cell‐mediated responses and vice versa. No significant humoral response to L. tropica major could be demonstrated in any of the subjects. A combination of both the cell‐mediated and humoral mechanisms may participate in the immune response although their usefulness in the assessment of the protectivity of leishmania vaccines has not been establis

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00749.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySera from cattle infected with three Trypanosoma congolense clones (ILNat 2.1, ILNat 3.1 and ILRAD 588) derived from different stocks were analysed for the presence of specific antibodies against the surface glycoproteins (VSGs) of the infecting trypanosomes using the solid and liquid‐phase radioimmunoassays and the neutralization of infectivity test. High levels of IgM, IgGi and IgG2antibodies against the VSGs of the infecting variable antigen types (VATs) as well as other VATs that arose during the course of infection were detected. In addition, 11 out of 12 infected animals showed recurrent peaks of antibody activity against the infecting trypanosomes. The recurrent peaks of antibody activity against the VSGs of the infecting organisms would suggest either a reappearance of trypanosomes of the infecting types or emergence of organisms that bear similar surface determinants. In contrast to the studies on murine trypanosomiasis, there was little or no antibody activity against 2, 4, 6‐trinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (TNP‐BSA) in sera from these c

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00750.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe binding of malarial antibodies to peripheral blood monocytes and the ability of these armed monocytes to attach to and ingest P. falciparum merozoites and schizont infected erythrocytes was evaluated by an in vitro assay. Monocytes from normal unsensitized subjects were preincubated with sera from individuals with various states of immunity to malaria and sera from normal controls. A marked difference in the level of merozoite phagocytosis was observed depending on immune status of the individuals whose sera were tested, but not on the antibody levels measured by fluorescence or precipitation tests. By protein‐A‐sepharose fractionation of these sera it appeared that the merozoite phagocytosis was mediated by immunoglobulin of the IgG class. Immunoglobulins eluted from these preincubated monocytes were able to bind to the parasites as detected by indirect fluorescent test. Similar assays performed with different strains and antibodies from various geographical areas indicated that the merozoite recognition and ingestion was not strain specific. The monocyte‐immunoglobulin co‐operation was effective in the phagocytosis of merozoites but not of schizont infected erythrocytes or normal erythrocytes. However, some degree of adhesion to the schizonts was recorded. These data seem to indicate that human blood monocytes can be specifically armed in vitro by cytophilic IgG with antimalarial specificity, and that such an effect is able to enhance markedly the clearance of free parasites but not of intact sc

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00751.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe role of passive cell‐mediated transfer of immunity in hepatic amoebiasis in hamsters was studied. The transfer of peritoneal cells from hamsters vaccinated against or protected from hepatic amoebiasis and from those with hepatic amoebiasis, as well as of spleen cells from vaccinated or protected, but not from infected hamsters, conferred immunity against hepatic amoebiasis in recipient normal hamsters. Treatment of the spleen cells from protected hamsters with anti T‐cell serum abolished their ability to transfer immunity. It appears that the effector mechanism in this system is T‐cell depe

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00752.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAntibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by granulocytes (ADGC) or lymphocytes (ADLC) was assessed in 23 patients with chronic Chagas disease. The results of ADGC against T. cruzi were normal. ADLC against chicken erythrocytes was significantly reduced in patients as compared with normal controls. Possible causes of this abnormality were investigate

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00753.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPhosphorylcholine‐bearing component levels in extracts of various parasites were determined by a capillary precipitin test using anti‐phosphorylcho‐line Ig A myeloma protein, TEPC‐15. Phosphorylcholine was demonstrated as a structural component not only in nematodes but also in trematodes and cestodes. The phosphorylcholine‐bearing component was isolated from an extract of Toxocara canis larvae using a TEPC‐15‐Sepharose 4B column. The component reacted with C‐reactive protein in sera to form one precipitin line in Immunoelectrophoresis. The component provided two Brilliant Coomassie Blue positive bands in SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It reacted with C‐reactive protein to activate

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00754.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMice immunized by a single infection with irradiated (25 krad) larvae of N. dubius were very resistant to subsequent challenge. However, when normal larvae were administered together with irradiated larvae at immunization, the acquired immunity expressed against a challenge infection was markedly depressed. It was found that as few as 50 normal N. dubius larvae interfered with the immunity that would have otherwise been elicited by the concurrently administered irradiated larvae, but this depressed response was totally alleviated when the normal worms were removed after completing their development in the intestinal mucosa and before they reached adulthood. Adult TV. dubius were transplanted directly into the intestines of mice either 7 days before or after immunization by irradiated larvae; it was shown that the recipient mice were less resistant to challenge than mice which had been sham operated. Transplanted adult worms themselves stimulated very little resistance to challenge in recipient mice. These results established that adult parasites are capable of depressing the expression of homologous immunity in the mouse. The possible mechanisms by which JV. dubius might modulate the host's immunological activity at the intestinal level are discussed and it is proposed that this mechanism is of benefit to the parasite in preventing the host from eliminating the worms during a chronic primary function.

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00755.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryUsing mice harbouring early Fasciola hepatica infections, six monoclonal antibodies were prepared against a tegumental antigen present in T1 granules and glycocalyx of flukes. Blocking tests indicated that all monoclonals bound the same T1 epitope (or epitopes in close proximity on the antigen molecule), but this was not the determinant recognized by sheep and cattle. Localization of antibody binding at light and electron microscope levels showed that T1‐type antigen also occurred in metacercarial tegument and in glycocalyx of gut cells and excretory ducts in juvenile and adult flukes. This indicates that the natural host‐antibody response to F. hepatica may be to one antigen early in the infection. Protein A‐gold labelling of monoclonal treated fluke sections revealed that the epitope was probably a polypeptide, unmodified by glycosylation in Golgi bodies. When isolated by immunoadsorption and separated electrophoreti‐cally under reducing conditions T1‐type antigen was found to consist of a polypeptide mol. wt. 50000, possibly linked to smaller entities mol. wt. 25–40 000. Tissue‐specific variations in the antigen molecule might be conferred by linkage of different polypeptides or carbohydrate side‐chains to an antigenic core polypeptide. A component of T1‐type antigen was found to have mol. wt. of 25000, possibly resembling a polypeptide of mol. wt. 24000 from Schistosoma

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00756.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1983.tb00757.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY