摘要:

SummaryA fraction isolated by electrofocusing (pI 4.2) from a saline extract of the turbot parasite.Bothriocephalus scorpii, contained choline and precipitated with a teleost C‐reactive protein (CRP) and a phosphorylcholine‐binding Balb/c mouse myeloma protein, TEPC‐15. Non‐dialysable products released from cultured tapeworms also precipitated with the phosphorylcholine‐specific precipitins. Ca2+was required for precipitation with CRP and immunodiffusion lines were confluent with pneumococcal C‐polysaccharide and a fungal C substance. Intradermal injection of the phosphorylcholine‐containing fraction caused an immediate erythema reaction in all mature turbot tested. The skin reaction is thought to be related to the amount of circulating CRP and this protein was present in sera from all mature turbot giving a positive skin response. There is no evidence for CRP being toxic to the tapeworms and the possibility is discussed that the worms exploit the host CRP for their

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1980.tb00056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAdoptive transfer of immunity with immune mesenteric lymph node cells (IMLNC) was used to analyse the roles of immune and inflammatory events in determining the strain‐characteristic time of expulsion ofTrichinella spiralisfrom mice. Transfer of IMLNC within and between three rapidly responding strains (NIH, SWR, DBA1–all H‐2q) resulted in accelerated worm expulsion, worm loss commencing before day 8 in each case. When NIH cells were transferred to slow‐responder B10 congenic mice (B10G‐H‐2q) mice, immunity was evident at 8 days as a reduction in worm fecundity and only by 12 days as a reduction in worm numbers. A similar result was obtained when B10G cells were given to B10G recipients. In the reciprocal transfer, IMLNC from B10G transferred immunity to NIH as effectively and as rapidly as did NIH cells. Cells capable of transferring immunity were present in B10G mice as early as 4 days after infection, even though worm expulsion in this strain does not occur until after day 12. Thus following heterologous transfers of IMLNC, the time of worm expulsion was determined by the response of the recipient, and presumably by the ability to generate intestinal inflammatory changes. Earlier work has shown that the strain‐characteristic time of worm expulsion is genetically determined, but not by H‐2 linked genes. A corollary of the present work is that non‐H‐2 linked genes control the generation of intestinal inflammatory changes inT. spiralisinfections. H‐2 genes may control lymphocyte responsiveness to infection and the haplotype H‐2qmay determine a rapid response. Comparisons are made with the genetic control of resistance toListeria monocytogenesand possible m

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1980.tb00057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAn inflammatory reaction with the general characteristics of a chronic granuloma surroundingTaenia soliumlarvae in pig muscle is described. Larvae with an inflammatory capsule were obtained at slaughter from pigs 6–8 months‐of‐age and were processed for light and electron microscopy. Eosinophils (granulocytes with orange staining and peroxidase‐positive granules) were found to be degranulated and in close contact with the parasite surface. Histiocytes, epithelioid cells, macrophages and lymphocytes were also evident, as well as large numbers of plasma cells in the outer areas of the well‐circumscribed reaction. The parasites were ultrastructurally intact, with a normal tegument and only occasional changes in the microvesicles. The results are discussed with reference to parasite survival in

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1980.tb00058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryStriking differences in the susceptibility toP. chabaudiandB. microtiinfections among different strains of mice are described. In most of the strains, both parasites induce a moderate, transient parasitaemia, followed by recovery. However, in the A strainP. chabaudiis rapidly lethal andB. microtiinduces a parasitaemia which persists for life in most animals. In contrast, B10.A mice, which have the same H‐2ahaplotype as the A strain, recover from both infections. In first crosses (A x B10.A)F1mice are uniformly resistant. Among other correlates, NK cell activity may be relevant. This activity is known to be high in strain of mice which are resistant to both of the parasites studied, such as C57B1 and CBA mice, and low in the susceptible A strain. We have examined the spleen weight, total cell number and NK activity at different times after infection. In the resistant strains there is a rapid increase in size and cell number, which is still more marked during recovery. NK activity increases greatly during the infection; this is especially remarkable considering the dilution of nucleated cells with erythrocyte precursors. In contrast, in A mice cell numbers and NK activity remain almost unchanged. Thus, marked activation of NK cells occur, in resistant strains but not in susceptible ones. Possible mechanisms of activation of these cells and their effect in haemoprotozoan infections are discusse

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1980.tb00059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA supernatant factor (SF) prepared from cultures ofSalmonella typhi‐muriumprotected naturally susceptible inbred mice against challenge withS. typhimuriumsubcutaneously injected (s.c.i.). but not againstSalmonella enteri‐tidis, suggesting that the relevant specificity involves lipopolysaccharide. Further experiments were performed with two transductant strains ofS. typhimurium. Strain SH6701 has O‐antigen 4 fromS. typhimuriumand SH6703 has O‐antigen 9 fromS. enteritidis. Immunization with SF from SH6701 protected 95% BALB/c mice challenged with 100 LD50S. typhimuriums.c.i., whereas SH6703 immunization had no effect on survival or mean survival time. SH 6703 SF gave some protection against homologous challenge. Antibody titres and delayed‐type hypersensitivity reactions were also tested in immunized mice. The SF was, therefore, specific in that O‐antigen 4 was necessary to protect mice againstS. typhimuriumchallenge. Since we have previously demonstrated protein to be necessary for protection by SF, the active factor may be in the form of a protein‐lipopolysacch

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1980.tb00060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryModels of the different disease patterns of cutaneous leishmaniasis can be induced by the same dose ofL. tropica promastigotes in various inbred strains of mice. The susceptibility of BALB/c is exceptional, essentially dosage independent (being demonstrable with as few as 20 parasites) and leads to huge progressive lesions with fatal visceral and cutaneous metastasis. Lesions also extend progressively but more slowly in DBA/1 and DBA/2 mice. Strains A, C57BL/6 and CBA are relatively resistant to even 2 × 107promastigotes, with arrest of lesion growth within 3 weeks and subsequent gradual healing. Similar resistance of A.SW to 2 × 105is overcome by a larger dose. The major inter‐strain differences are H‐2 independent, for C57BL/10 congenic mice possessing six different H‐2 antigen complexes all show early arrest of lesion growth leading to healing (H‐2sH‐2a, H‐2k) or mild residual disease (H‐2bH‐2d, H‐2q). Inter‐line differences within the latter group varied between experiments such that no clear rank order emerged. Inexorable disease progression was found in congenic BALB/B, BALB/c and BALB/K alike, although it was significantly slower in the latter line when infected with smaller doses. Genetic control of BALB/c susceptibility is thus predominantly in the non‐H‐2 background with only a minor H‐2 linked regulatory influence on the later stage. C57BL/6, BALB/c and their F1 hybrid characteristically display ‘healing’, ‘fatal progressive’ and ‘non‐healing’ lesions respectively over a wide dose range. ‘BALB/c‐like’ susceptibility segregates strictly in the F2 and backcross progeny according to a one predominant gene prediction. A comparison of the present data with those concerning genetic regulation of acute and chronic stages of systemicL. donovaniinfection in mice (Bradley, 1977, Blackwell, Freeman&Bradley 1980) reveals differing control for the outcome of cutaneousL. tropicainfection, in which othe

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1980.tb00061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY