摘要:

SummaryPeritoneal macrophages from CBA/T6 (healer) and BALB/c (non‐healer) mice were infected withLeishmania major(LV39)in vitro.The microorganism replicated at the same rate in macrophages from either strain. Exposure of infected cells to lymph node cells (LNC) from infected syngeneic animals led to intracellular killing of the parasite by macrophages from both strains, provided LPS was present in the incubation medium.In vitro‐propagatedL.major‐specific T‐cell blasts activated macrophages from either strain in the absence of LPS. On a per cell basis, lymphoid cells from BALB/c mice were less efficient, however, than cells from CBA/T6 mice. Lysis of parasitized macrophages was also more marked in CBA/T6 than in BALB/c cell mixtures. LNC exposed to parasite antigen or to infected macrophages secreted macrophage‐activating factor (MAF); incubation with antigen also induced lymphocyte proliferation. MAF production and LNC proliferation decreased with progression of the infection of BALB/c mice, but always remained significant. The reduction in relative T‐cell numbers in the lymph nodes of infected animals was moderate; the absolute number of T‐cells increased markedly in the lymphoid organs of both strains, however. These results suggest that failure to heal may coexist together with active cell‐mediated immune response in

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryEleven strains ofTrypanosoma cruzi, originating from a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts in distinct geographical regions, were examined for the reactivity of metacyclic stages with the monoclonal antibody 1G7. Trypomastigotes of five strains were susceptible to complement‐dependent 1G7‐mediated lysis. Higher levels of 1G7 bound to metacyclics of lysis‐susceptible strains as compared to lysis‐resistant isolates. Excluding Y and CL strains, 1G7 reacted with metacyclics of allT. cruziisolates by binding to a 90 000 mol. wt surface polypeptide. A 90 000 mol. wt protein lacking the lG7‐specificcpitope but immunologically related to the 90 000 mol. wt antigen of otherT. cruziisolates is present in Y and CL strains. The intensity of the 90 000 mol. wt band, delected by surface lodination of metacyclics or in immunoblots using the monoclonal antibody IG7 or the monospecific antiserum to 90 000 mol. wt protein, varied among different strains and also a discrete variation was observed in its molecular weight. The overall analysis reveals a polymorphism of the 90 000 mol. wt protein, which is ubiquitous among the differentT. cruz

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryDuring the course of a lethal infection withTheileria parva(Muguga), the surface phenotypes of efferent lymphatic lymphocytes (ELL) were analysed to determine whether the parasite preferentially infected any particular subpopulation of cells. In the second week of infection, when the proportion of lymphoblasts and parasitized cells increased to 50% of the total ELL,>99% of infected cells expressed T‐lymphocyte markers including both BoT4 and BoT8. From day 10, a population of T‐lymphocytes coexpressing BoT4 and BoT8 appeared in ELL, reaching 33% by day 14. Similar changes were observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) and lymph node cells (LNC). Analysis of ELL sorted into populations differing on the basis of expression of BoT4 and BoT8, revealed a higher level of parasitosis in the BoT4+and BoT8+lymphocytes than in the BoT4+BoT8−or BoT4−BoT8+populations. For comparison, the phenotypes of 28 cloned cell lines, obtained by infection of PBM with sporozoitesin vitro, were examined. All of these clones exhibited T‐cell markers. Nine of the clones expressed both BoT4 and BoT8; within each of these lines, BoT4 was expressed on all cells, whereas BoT8 was expressed at variable concentrations on 20‐70% of cells. That BoT4+cells were induced byT. parva(Muguga) to coexpress BoT8 was demonstrated directly by the finding that a BoT4+BoT8−T‐cell clone expressed BoT8 following infection wi

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary Theileria parva‐reactive cytotoxic lymphocytes and their precursors were examined in the blood of African buffalo infected withT. parvaand uninfected African buffalo. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from eight of 11 infected buffalo were found to have potent cytotoxic activity after stimulation with autologous parasitized cells for 6 daysin vitro, while PBM from uninfected buffalo or PBM from infected buffalo not stimulatedin vitrohad no cytotoxic activity. The cytotoxic activity was specific for parasitized cells and genetically restricted since there was no killing on uninfected autologous lymphoblasts and a lower percentage of killing on parasitized allogeneic lymphocytes than on targets of autologous parasitized cells. The cytotoxic cells tested for parasite strain specificity were shown to kill autologous cells transformed with different stocks of both cattle‐derived (T. parva parva) and buffalo‐derived (T. parva lawrencei) para

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryHereford cattle were immunized with membranes and soluble components extracted from the midgut ofBoophilus microplus.Membrane vaccines protected cattle (91%) against challenge with 3 × 20 000 larval ticks administered at intervals of 7 days. Vaccines made from soluble antigens did not protect cattle. Antibody levels measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (EL1SA) related to the levels of protection induced by vaccinati

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryGuinea‐pigs infected withAngiostrongylus cantonensisdeveloped pleocytosis and eosinophilia in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at day 12 post‐infection (p.i.). showing a peak response at day 20 p.i., followed by a gradual reduction. Ultrastructural observations on CSF eosinophils from infected mice and guinea‐pigs revealed various signs of eosinophil degranulation after day 14 p.i., suggesting the exocytosis of lysosomal material. Morphometric analysis indicated that CSF eosinophils after day 22 p.i. contained fewer granules as well as smaller granules than those at days 14‐20 p.i. These data suggest that CSF eosinophils release granule constituents into the outside of the cells and these secretion products could interact with the intracranial worms and are probably related to worm death. As degenerative atrophy or partial loss of Purkinje cells and the spongy vacuolation of the white matter were noted in the cerebellum of infected mice, it was suggested that CSF eosinophils could be a possible cause of neurological disorders in angiostrongyliasis cant

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA monoclonal antibody (VRI 86‐1) raised against third stageTrichostrongylus colubriformispreferentially bound to the excretory pore of living exsheathed larvae, with little or no binding to other sites on the parasite surface. A similar binding pattern was observed with fluorescein‐labelled wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), although the anterior end of the parasite was also stained. To gain information at the molecular level regarding the parasite components at these sites, the residues recognized by WGA (i.e.N‐acetylglucosamine andN‐acetylneuraminic acid) were radiolabelled on the surface of living larvae. After homogenization and detergent extraction of the larvae, Tour dominant bands and a number of minor bands were revealed by SDS‐PAGE and fluorography. None of these bands was specifically immunoprecipilated or recognized on a Western blot by VRI 86‐1, suggesting that the epitope recognized by this antibody either resides on a different molecule or is destroyed or changed during the radiolabelling procedures. These results provide further evidence that the nematodc cuticle is not uniform at the molecular level, and that the excretory pore contains molecules and antigens that may be unique t

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe distribution, fixation properties, and protease phenotypes of mast cells populating lesions caused by the metacestode stage of the cestodeMesocestoides cortiin the rat were characterized. Intraperitoneal infection withM. cortiinduced severe granulomatous types of reactions around the pancreas and further lesions in the liver. These sites were infiltrated with mast cells which contained cither rat mast cell protease I or II derived respectively from connective tissue (CTMC) or mucosal mast cells (MMC). A proportion of cells in pancreatic granulomas had staining and fixation properties identical to those of intestinal mucosal mast cells; others were typical connective tissue mast cells. Subcutaneous inoculation of parasites was associated with nodular dermal reactions, and all of the infiltrating mast celts had the fixation and staining properties of CTMC and contained RMCPI uniquely. Increased numbers of RMCPII‐containing mast cells were present in the intestines of rats infected intraperitoneally. Significant quantities of RMCPII were present in homogenates of pancreatic granulomas and in livers of rats harbouring intraperitoneal infections but none was detected in skin. These findings suggest that mast cells of different phenotypes arc selectively recruited to some, but not all, lesion

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAlveolar hydatid cysts (AHC) were isolated from C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice al 8 and 12 weeks post‐infection from subcutaneous and intraperitoneal foci and cultured inin vitro.Freshly isolated as well asin vitro‐grown cysts were incubated with Fc or F(ab')2fragments of human, rabbit, mouse, goat or sheep immunoglobulins, then washed and incubated with a fluorescein‐conjugated rabbit or goat F(ab')2fraction of antisera to each of the above primary sera. Significant fluorescence on the surface of AHC was detected when they were incubated with human, rabbit or mouse Fc fractions followed by the addition of goat or rabbit fluorescein‐conjugated antiserum. No fluorescence was detected when the AHC were incubated with the F(ab')2fragments and fluorescein‐conjugated antiserum, except when the primary antiserum was mouse F(ab')2fractions. Cysts grown in vitro retained their binding ability to human, rabbit or mouse Fc fractions. However, the intensity of fluorescence decreased proportionally with lime. The maximum intensity of staining was observed with small cysts. Large cysts showed diminished fluorescence. The non‐specific binding of human, mouse or rabbit immunoglobulins (Fc fractions) to AHC was also confirmed by rosetting with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) which suggests that the larvae ofEchinococcus multilocularismay utilize the presence of Fc receptors on their surface in order to elude immune destruction

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe binding of human complement components C3, C5 and C9 to the surface of the infective larvae of the nematode parasitesToxocara canisandTrichinella spiralis, by the alternative pathway, was examined by direct and indirect immunofluorescence on the intact parasites. This showed that although C3 bound to both nematodes they differed markedly in the binding of C5 and C9; C5 bound only minimally toT. spiralis, and C9 binding lo this parasite was barely detectable. In contrast, both early and late components bound toT. canisto a high density, comparable to, or in excess of, the binding of these components to the infective larvae of the trematodeSchistosma mansoni.The lack of binding of the post‐C3 components toT. spiralisdid not correlate with enhanced binding of the control protein, Factor

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY