摘要:

Trypanosoma musculiparasites were grownin vitroin the presence of sera from intact or T‐cell‐deprived infected mice. Parasite division was not inhibited by the presence of the antisera, but the total number of young parasites produced was lower than expected as there was thus no evidence for the presence of ablastin in the sera, only a trypanocidal effect. The implications forin vivocontrol of the infection are discus

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1982.tb00427.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

When studying acute and convalescent phase sera of patients with bacteraemic diseases, an unexpected rise of antibody activity (measured as binding of radioactive antigen) towards the capsular polysaccharide ofNeisseria meningitidisgroup A (MenA) was observed in 59 out of 292 patients whose infection was caused by other organisms (other groups ofN. meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coliorStaphylococcus aureus). This non‐specific reaction was not seen in non‐bacteraemic diseases (Mycoplasmapneumonia, viral meningitis) or after immunization withH. influenzaetype b capsular polysaccharide orSalmonellaand cholera whole cell vaccines. The ‘unspecific’ anti‐MenA antibodies were of all immunoglobulin classes A, G and M tested, and had lower avidity than did those in the specific response. They were clearly inhibitable byN‐acetylmannosamine which inhibited the specific antibodies only

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1982.tb00428.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Suspensions of cells prepared from the caecal tonsils and spleen, and the peripheral blood lymphocytes of chickens immune toEimeria maxima, were tested for their ability to transfer resistance to syngeneic recipients. The intravenous injection of approximately 6 × 108spleen cells or peripheral blood lymphocytes caused a significant reduction of oocyst production by the challenged recipients, in comparison with controls which were uninjected or given cells from birds susceptible toE. maxima.Peripheral blood lymphocytes appeared to be most effective when obtained 10–15 days after a primary, or 3–10 days after a secondary inoculation of oocysts. The peripheral blood lymphocytes which participate in the early response to challenge of immune birds were not found to be protective. When given intraperitoneally, greater numbers of spleen cells were required to reduce oocyst production, and small numbers of caecal tonsil cells were ineffective. The ability of the various cell suspensions to transfer antibody and cell‐mediated responses was monitored with ‘marker’ antigens. There was some indication that both types of response were involved in

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1982.tb00429.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study has analysed the response to phytohaemagglutinin of peripheral blood lymphocytes from guinea‐pigs infected withTrypanosoma brucei brucei.By this means it was possible to follow the response of individual animals throughout an infection. A culture method using whole blood permitted fewer cell manipulations and eliminated the necessity to supplement cultures with heterologous serum. Selection of appropriate strains ofT.b. bruceiproduced a relatively chronic infection in guinea‐pigs. Results from this system indicate that, even late in the disease, significant mitogen reactivity still remains in some individuals. More significantly, these mitogen ‘responders’ controlled successive parasitaemic waves producing a fluctuating parasitaemia whereas the animals showing poor mitogen responsiveness—‘non‐responders’ failed to control successive waves and showed platea

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1982.tb00430.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Infection withTrichinella spiralislarvae greatly enhanced the resistance of adult mice against fatal infection withPlasmodium bergheigiven 10 and 30 days afterT. spiralisinfection. Mice infected withT. spiralishad a markedly activated mononuclear phagocytic system and significantly low reticulocyte levels at the time the mice were challenged withP. berghei.Therefore, the partially subdued parasitaemia and prolonged survival ofTrichinella—Plasmodium‐infected mice may be attributed, in part, to macrophage activity and reticulocytopenia exerting a specific anti‐P. bergheieffect. This study suggests the role ofT. spiralisinduced reticulocytopenia and activated macrophages as potential mechanisms in resistance toP. bergheiinfe

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1982.tb00431.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A simulation (using an electronic calculator program) of the growth ofTrypanosoma bruceiin the mouse is presented. This suggests that remission of the infection is effected by the removal of ever increasing numbers of the organisms as the immune (antibody) response develops, rather than that a gradual build‐up of antibody on each trypanosome occurs until a fatal concentration is reached, simultaneously, on all of them. The program has enabled a theoretical examination to be made of the effect, on the trypanosome growth curve, of altering the doubling time of the organism, the rate of development of the immune response, and the efficiency of the antibodies. Suggestions are made for further extensions of the program to cover other parameters that may vary during the infections. It should also be possible to use similar simple programs, that do not employ advanced mathematics, to problems of the growth of many organism

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1982.tb00432.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY