摘要:

SummaryThe kinetics of antibody response to intraperitoneal infection of mice with third stage larvae of Anisakis simplex was investigated by ELISA. Maximum antibody response to excretion‐secretion (ES) antigens was reached before maximum response to somatic (SA) antigens. Total immunoglobulin (Ig) production (consisting mainly of IgM and IgG1isotypes) was very similar in both cases. Immunoblotting was used to characterize the antigens recognized by the host in the presence or absence of the metabolic products released by the parasite in vivo. Sera from mice infected with live larvae (anti‐L3L serum) and immunized with dead larvae (anti‐L3D serum) recognized a similar pattern of bands in immunoblots of ES and SA antigen preparations. In the latter, however, three bands at 14, 17 and 18 kD were only recognized by the anti‐L3L serum. A possible explanation is that these low molecular weight antigens are ES products released only in vivo. Finally, the immune response in mouse was compared using ELISA and immunoblotting with the response of a human anisakiasis reference serum, and was found to display considerable similarities. This suggests that the mouse may be a useful model for studying the immunobiology of A. simplex

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1993.tb00607.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAdherent mononuclear cells (monolayer), when co‐cultured with autologous peripheral blood eosinophils isolated from patients treated for Schistosoma mansoni infections, enhanced the eosinophil‐mediated killing of antibody coated schistosomula. The monolayer increased the activity of the eosinophils by 225%, and was observed in 80% of the patients studied. Heat labile factors other than complement, present in immune serum, further enhanced the ability of eosinophils to kill schistosomula in the presence of the monolayer. On their own the adherent cells did not mediate obvious damage to the parasite. Eosinophils that had been pre‐incubated with the monolayer (100 mins) and tested separately, killed equal numbers of schistosomula as in the co‐culture assay; this excludes the possibility of concurrent schistosomula cytotoxicity by the two cell populations. The ability of the monolayer to activate eosinophils was not altered by inhibitors of protein synthesis. The monolayer was largely consistent of monocytes as demonstrated by an over 96% positive staining for non‐specific

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1993.tb00608.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMouse infection models are described that demonstrate reduction in the rate of egg production in Schistosoma haematobium worms 6–10 weeks after the onset of oviposition and loss of Schistosoma bovis worms around 10 weeks after infection. Neither phenomenon has been shown in Schistosoma mansoni‐ or Schistosoma japonicum‐infected mice. The immunological basis for these anti‐adult responses was inferred by comparison with infections in T‐cell deprived mice and by transferance of the ability to reduce a S. bovis worm burden in immuno‐compromised hosts with immune serum. Vaccination with irradiation‐attenuated parasites of S. haematobium was also shown to have consequences for the adults of challenge infections of either S. haematobium or of S. bovis, but not of S. mansoni. Thus, prior vaccination resulted in an abrogation of the reduced egg production by S. haematobium and S. bovis worms and also of the adult worm elimination that occurred in non‐vaccinated S. bovis‐infected mice. These models are being used to define the targets and mechanisms involved in the attrition of adult worms of schistosomes with ter

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1993.tb00609.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAlthough a number of immunological anomalies have been shown to occur during the acute period of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, the contribution of the parasite has not been clarified. In this work, we co‐cultured activated splenic mononuclear cells (SMC) from normal oulbred (CD1) or inbred (CBA/J) mice with purified T. cruzi trypomastigotes and studied ensuing T‐ and B‐ lymphocyte alterations. In the presence of parasites, phytohaemagglutinin‐stimulated SMC from either mouse background manifested a marked reduction in both lymphoproliferative capacity (i.e.,3H‐thymidine incorporation) and cell membrane levels of interleukin‐2 receptors (H.‐2R; determined by flow cytomet.y) relative to SMC from parasite‐free cultures. Thus, substantial proportions of activated SMC either became unable to express detectable levels of IL‐2R or expressed this receptor in significantly lower numbers than control SMC. Supernatants from T. cruzi suspensions reproduced these suppressive effects on phytohaemagglutinin‐stimulated SMC from normal or chronically infected CD1 or CBA/J mice. Similar results were obtained with SMC activated with a bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Since IL‐2R expression is required for activated lymphocytes to progress through the cell cycle and multiply to mount effective immune responses, impaired IL‐2R expression by T. cruzi provides a plausible hypothesis for the wide‐ranged immunosuppression that oc

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1993.tb00610.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryQuantitative measurements were made of different phenotypes of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of rats during the course of a primary or secondary infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. These changes were compared with those in the peripheral blood to understand the site‐specificity of the responses. Following infection, there was a significant increase in both B and T lymphocytes in BALF. The CD4: CD8 ratio was significantly altered with a decreased ratio on day 2 and increased ratio on days 16 and 32 post infection (p.i.). Two colour analysis showed that during larval migration through the lungs (day 2 p.i.) there was a significant increase in CD8+, CD4+ OX22+ and CD4+ OX22‐ cells in BALF. As infection progressed in time, CD4+ OX22 – cells were increased significantly. Compared to primary infection, a secondary infection resulted in increased recovery of CD4+ OX22– cells in BALF. These changes were not readily appreciated in the peripheral blood, suggesting site‐specific compartmentalization of lymphocyte responses in the lung. The functional significance of these dynamic changes in lymphocyte subsets in the airspaces following infection remains to be i

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1993.tb00611.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPassive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests were used to examine the IgE responses of cats repeatedly infected with the filarial nematode Brugia pahangi. Specific IgE was usually detected only in those cats that killed their adult worms and rarely in those cats in which adult worms survived for long periods. We suggest that this specific IgE is actively involved in killing adult worms in the lymphatics.

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1993.tb00612.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryUsing direct fluorescent antibody analysis it was shown that the sheath of live microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti has human albumin and the immunoglobulin G subclasses IgG1and IgG4on its surface.

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1993.tb00613.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY