摘要:

SummaryThe susceptibility of C57BL/6‐bgJ/bgJmice, which exhibit a murine counterpart of the Chediak‐Higashi syndrome, to infection withStrongyloides rattiwas examined. After a primary infection, the peak of the daily larval output in faeces (LPG) of bgJbgJmice was approximately twice as high as that of their littermate bgJ/+ mice. The total number of tissue migrating larvae recovered from bgJ/bgJmice at 36 h after infection was also approximately twice as high as that from bgJ+mice. However, after a primary infection, bgJ/bgJmice could completely expel adult worms in the intestine by day 14. When an equal number of tissue migrating larvae obtained from the head of +/+ mice were implanted into bgJ/bgJand bgJ/+ mice, the magnitude and the kinetics of LPG were comparable between them, indicating that in both groups implanted larvae established in the intestine lo become adult worms and then they were expelled by day 13. Thus, immune mechanisms involved in worm expulsion of bgJ/bgJmice were comparable to those of bgJ/+mice. The higher susceptibility of bgJ/bgJmice could be reduced to the level of bgJ/+ mice by bone marrow grafting from bgJ/+mice 6 weeks prior to infection. Furthermore, when lethally irradiated bgJ/bgJmice or bgJ/+mice were reconstituted with either type of bone marrow cells, the mice given bgJ/bgJbone marrow cells showed higher susceptibility to infection withS. rattiregardless of the genotype of the recipients. These results indicate that the impaired natural defence of bgJ/bgJmice is predetermined at the level of haemopoietic stem ce

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00208.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryEosinophilia of the cerebrospinai fluid (CSF) in permissive (rats) and non‐permissive (mice) hosts infected withAngiostrongylus cantonensis, and the possible mechanism of the eosinophilia were studied. In three strains of thymic mice (ICR, ddY and BALB/c), the infection provoked a marked CSF eosinophilia starting at around day 12, reaching a peak level at day 20 and maintaining significantly high levels until day 35, In contrast, in athymic nude mice of BALB/c strain the infection failed to evoke this eosinophilia, suggesting T‐ceil dependence of murine CSF eosinophilia. Humoral antibodies did not correlate with the induction of eosinophilia. A time‐course study of worm recovery in the mouse brains indicated a gradual but consistent reduction in worm burden in accordance with the rapid rise in CSF eosinophil levels. Bone marrow eosinophilia occurred in mice at day 5, which preceded CSF eosinophilia. Jirds. a permissive but less susceptible host, developed a CSF eosinophilia with a peak level at day 17, but which declined rapidly following the peak. Permissive rat hosts developed significant peripheral and bone marrow eosinophilia at day 35 but their CSF eosinophilia was markedly less prominent than that of mice and jirds. These data clearly indicate that there are distinct differences in the mechanism of eosinophilia and eosinophilia‐inducing factors between permissive and non‐permiss

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00209.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySuppression of host inflammatory response in mice infected with Trichinella pseudospiralis was associated with host plasma corticosterone levels significantly higher than those seen in uninfecled mice or in mice infected withT. spiralis.Increases in the population of mitochondria and depletion of lipid droplets in cells of the zona fasciculata were seen in the adrenals of mice infected withT. pseudospiralis.Elevations in enteritis, myositis and myocarditis accompanied 100% mortality in adrenalectomized mice infected withT. pseudospiralis, while lower levels of inflammation and no mortality were observed in sham operated or intact animals infected with this parasite. The severe myositis normally accompanying infection withT. spiraliswas suppressed by concurrent infection with 1000 or 2000T. pseudospiralisto levels equivalent to those seen in animals receiving 015 and 0‐41 mg cortisone acetate/25 g mouse/day, respectivel

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00210.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe have characterized various anti‐schistosomular surface MoAbs previously shown to partially block in‐vitro killing of schistosomula by human sera and eosinophils (Dunneet at.1987). Immunodiffusion analysis showed that four IgM and one IgG3 MoAbs recognized periodate sensitive epitopes on the same molecular species present in schistosomular antigen but their patterns of reactivity with soluble egg antigen demonstrated that at least three distinct epitopes were involved. SDS‐PAGE analysis showed the TgMs to react with125I‐labelled surface antigens of Mr35 000‐38 000 and Mr20 000, and the IgG3 to react with an Mr38 000 antigen. In spile of their effectin vitro, transfer of the IgM MoAbs at the time ofchallenge of mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae or of mice injected with an unrelated (anti‐Mr16 000) protective MoAb failed to produce in‐vivo blocking. Similarly, injection ofSchistosoma mansonieggs, prior infection with worms of one sex, or passive transfer of serum from single‐sex infected mice failed to influence the resistance conferred by vaccination with irrad

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00211.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary Giardiaisolated from mice and rats have been identified asGiardia duodenalisby morphological criteria. No differences in the eleclrophorctic mobilities of 28 enzymes were detected between the mouse and rat isolates or between these isolates and human and cat isolates. Infections with both rodent isolates have been studied in several strains of inbred rats. No significant differences were detected between the rat strains, with the mouse isolate producing a self‐limiting infection and the rat isolate a chronic infection. After the primary infection was eradicated with metronidazolc, all strains of rats were resistant to reinfection with the homologous isolate. Both isolates produced chronic infections in hypothymic nude rats. BALB/c mice were found to be relatively resistant to primary infection with either isolate but C3H mice became infected chronically with the mouse isolate and experienced a prolonged infection with the rat isolate. These findings resemble those observed with infections withG. murisin the same strains of mice (Roberts‐Thomson&Mitchell 1978). It is suggested that infections withG. duodenalisin rats may offer a model for giardiasis that is based on organisms related closely toG. lamblia.Comparative studies using the two rodent isolates may lead to a belter understanding of how the parasite establishes as a chronic infection and which antigens induce protective immune respon

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00212.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryUsing a sensitive ELISA, specific serum and bile anti‐GiardiaIgM and IgA responses were studied in rats infected with two strains ofGiardia duodenalis:a rat isolate which produces a chronic infection and a mouse isolate which produces a self‐limiting infection. Paired samples of scrum and bile were collected from groups of DA (RTlavl) rats at various times during primary and secondary infections. Antibody responses to both organisms were similar. Only IgA anti‐Giardiaantibodies were detected in bile whereas both IgM and IgA antibodies were detected in serum. Biliary IgA antibody litres increased throughout the course of the primary infection and remained at high levels for at least 10 weeks. Biliary IgA titres increased 16‐fold during the secondary infection with both isolates. Serum IgA anti‐Giardiatitres also increased but more slowly than the titres in bile. Serum IgM antibody responses were observed against both organisms during the primary and secondary infections. Trophozoites harvested from the intestinal lumen during primary infections were examined for surface‐bound IgA by immunofluorescence microscopy. IgA was detected on 3% of trophozoites on day 7 after infection but on over 70% of trophozoites by the 10th day. The data demonstrate the occurrence of a secretory IgA immune response in rats infected with bothG. duodenalisisolates, some of which is directed against surface antigens of the t

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00213.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryZygotes and ookinetes of the rodent malariaPlasmodium bergheican be enriched 50‐fold, from whole blood cultures by ammonium chloride lysis. Three monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) raised against such enriched preparations specifically bind to a determinant of Mr21 kD as assessed by125I‐labelled goal anti‐mouse IgG probed immunoblots of Western transfers of SDS‐PAGE gels. Indirect immunofluorescence indicates that the 21 kD determinant bound by specific MoAbs. whilst not detectable on gametocytes or gametes, appears on the parasite surface within 2 h of exflagellation/fertilization and increases thereafler. The three MoAbs specifically binding the 21 kD determinanl block oocys! development in mosquitoes by at least 90%, as assessed either by in‐vitro membrane feeds or by live feeds on passively immunized mice. These MoAbs reduce ookinete formationin vitroby between 52 and 100%. Possible mechanisms of action of these MoAbs are

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00214.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySera from individuals living in malaria endemic areas of Papua New Guinea were tested for their effect on inactivity ofPlasmodium falciparumgametocyles grown in culture toAnopheles freebornimosquitoes. Consistent reduction of infectivity to less than 5% of control was observed with nine out of the 41 sera from the endemic area tested and also with three out of seven sera tested from individuals rarely exposed to malaria infection. Gamete surface antigens recognized by the sera were investigated by immunoprecipitation from125I surface‐labelled gametes extracted in SDS and Triton X‐100. The main antigens recognized were of the same mol. wt (230, 48 and 45 kD) as those known to be targets of transmission‐blocking monoclonal antibodies. A significant negative correlation was observed between the total ct/min immunoprecipitated from surface‐labelled gametes by the sera and the average number of oocysts per gut observed in membrane feeding experiments with these sera. Spearmann's rank correlation coefficient indicated that suppression of infectivily correlated strongly with the presence of antibodies against the 230 kD protein; there was no significant correlation between suppression and antibodies to the 48/45 kD proteins. The antibody response to the different gamete surface antigens varied greatly in sera from the endemic areas suggesting that individuals respond differently to each gamete

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00215.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryUltrastructural studies revealed that in albino ratsLitomosoides cariniiwas encapsulated and eventually killed in the pleural cavity by adherent host cells. Encapsulation was an organized cellular reaction which sequestered and eventually degraded the parasites. The process evolved in three phases: primary accumulation of host cells, especially eosinophils and macrophages, around the parasites with concentration of eosinophils on the parasite surface; secondary transformation of macrophages into epithclioid cells which replaced eosinophils on the parasite surface; finally, dead parasites became calcified and were gradually degraded within a tough, compacted fibrotic capsule.

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00216.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryFive monoclonal antibodies against the excretory/secretory (E/S) antigen ofToxocara caniswere obtained and characterized. Immunoprecipitating activity was demonstrated in an in‐vitro micropre‐cipitating assay using liveT. canislarvae. Their capacity to kill larvae was also shown in an in‐vitro assay. Two zones of reactivity were observed in 7.5 and 12.5% SDS‐PAGE (177‐77 kD, 43‐15 kD) of immunoprecipitates of human and mouse positive polyclonal anlisera. The murine monoclonal antibodies showed a common pattern of reactivity with the proteins in the 177

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00217.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY