摘要:

SummaryCord factor (trehalose 6–6′ dimycolate), COAM (chlorite‐oxidized oxyamylose), zymosan, glucan, Salmonella enteritidis IIRX and Listeria monocytogenes were found to protect mice against subsequent infection with Babesia microti, an intra‐erythrocytic protozoan parasite. This protection was not observed after injection of Staphylococcus epidermidis, a viridans group Streptococcus, thioglycollate, or colloidal carbon. All the agents which protect against B. microti have also been reported to induce non‐specific protection against experimental tumours. The parasites appear to die inside circulating red cells. This implies that these agents can exert non‐specific protection against this parasite through the mediation of a sol

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1979.tb00705.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMice were vaccinated against lethal P. yoelii or P. berghei malaria and their immunofluorescent anti‐parasite antibody levels followed after infection with live homologous parasites. There was a good correlation between antibody titres (especially IgG) and protection, under various experimental conditions, including: different doses of vaccine, different strains of mice, and increase or decrease of macrophage function. When antiserum was passively transferred to normal recipients, protection against challenge also correlated with antibody titre, though even with high titres only a small number of parasites could be completely eliminated. P. berghei was much more difficult to protect against than P. yoelii, despite similar antibody responses. We conclude that antibody is important in the protective effect of vaccination, but that other properties of both the host and the parasite influence its effectivenes

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1979.tb00706.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryCats were vaccinated by the inoculation on 10 occasions of approximately 300 larvae of Brugia pahangi which had been irradiated with 10 krad cobalt 60. They were challenged on 3 occasions with normal larvae of either B. pahangi or B. patei. The vaccinated cats were resistant to challenge as demonstrated by either longer pre‐patent periods or failure to become microfilaraemic and by having fewer third, fourth or adult worms than normal controls. Although the vaccination procedure was unpractically heavy these results lend encouragement to the possibility of developing vaccines against filarial infection

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1979.tb00707.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPrevious reports have demonstrated that after implantation of intestinal worms or after exposure to infective third stage larvae, the duration of infection with Nematospiroides dubius is markedly prolonged in intact mice relative to infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. The rapid rejection of N. brasiliensis adults appears T‐cell dependent in that adults persist for longer periods in hypothymic nude mice than in intact mice. Excretory/secretory (ES) products harvested from N. dubius or N. brasiliensis intestinal worms did not differ obviously in the following characteristics: rate of production and degree of complexity of proteins, in vitro mitogenicity, allergenicity, or in their abilities to induce or elicit delayed type hypersensitivity reactions in naive and infected mice, respectively. Two differences between N. brasiliensis‐ and N. dubius‐infected mice were an IgG1hypergammaglobulinaemia and readily detected anti‐ES precipitating antibodies in the circulation; both responses were confined to the chronic N. dubius infection. One difference between N. brasiliensis and N. dubius ES products was that the former, but not the latter, induced protection against homologous infection when injected with Freund's complete adjuvant. By contrast, intraperitoneal implantation of either type of adult worm induced protection against homologous infection at least in female Balb/c mice. After intestinal implantation of both N. dubius and N. brasiliensis intestinal worms, the rejection of N. brasiliensis was not influenced by, nor did it alter, persistence of N. dubius adults. In support of conclusions drawn by others, the differences in persistence of infection between these two nematodes probably reflect differences in the ability to resist both specific and nonspecific components of the complex intestinal rejection process. The chronicity of N. dubius infection and nonpersistence of N. bras

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1979.tb00708.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAfrican trypanosomiasis in mice leads to profound changes in lymphoid tissues. In an attempt to define the nature of the trypanosome stimulus, we have studied the effect of radio‐attenuated trypanosomes and their subcellular fractions in vivo. We find that relatively low doses of irradiated Trypanosoma brucei S42 injected into (CBA/H × C57B1/ 6) F1mice mimicked the previously reported effects of infective parasites. 2 × 107irradiated trypanosomes caused a greater than two‐fold increase in spleen weight accompanied by a roughly 10‐fold increase in background plaque forming cells (PFC) to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The primary response to SRBC was significantly enhanced when priming was carried out on the day of trypanosome injection, but significantly suppressed when carried out 3 days later. Disruption of trypanosomes by freeze‐thawing did not destroy their mitogenic or immunosuppressive activities. A membrane fraction collected by high speed centrifugation (150 000 × g) after removal of larger organelles at 12 000 × g retained both mitogenic and suppressive activities. The high speed supernatant lost the ability to enhance background PFC, but still caused partial immunosuppression with a much lower potency than the membrane pellet. Whether immunosuppression and enhanced PFC levels relate to the same parasite product is not clear as yet, but both effects can be ascribed to a membrane fraction of t

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1979.tb00709.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA comparison has been made of a new serological method, thin layer immunoassay (TIA), and an established method, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in the detection and quantification of antibodies in schistosomiasis. Using sera from known S. haematobium and S. mansoni cases, the performance of the two tests was almost identical; 95.6% positive for TIA and 96.4% by ELISA. TIA however produced a small number of false positives with sera from other helminth infections whereas ELISA gave none. There was excellent correlation between the tests in the quantification of anti‐S. haematobium antibodies, both in human cases and in infected baboons. TIA has the advantage of being extremely simple to perform, but has the disadvantage of requiring a higher concentration of antig

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1979.tb00710.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY