摘要:

SummaryUsing immunofluorescence techniques and flow microfluorometry analysis, we have demonstrated that the binding of a monoclonal antibody (VD5/ 25) produced against GP65, the major surface antigen ofLeishmania braziliensis, increased on the surface of stationary‐phase promastigotes from all the New WorldLeishmaniaspecies causing mucocutaneous or cutaneous disease as compared with the log‐phase parasites. In addition, a sequential development ofLeishmania amazonensispromastigotes from a non‐infective to an infective stage was demonstrated. Indeed, promastigotes in the stationary phase (days 6–7) were found to be far more infective than those in the logarithmic phase of growth (day 3) bothin vitrofor mouse peritoneal macrophages andin vivofor BALB/c mice. The intracellular survival and multiplication ofL. amazonensiswere significantly inhibited when infective promastigotes were treated with the VD5/25 monoclonal antibody. The increasing expression of GP65 on the promastigote surface may thus contribute toLeishmaniainfectivity. This seems to represent a characteristic mechanism applicable to all New WorldLeishmaniaspecies

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1989.tb00659.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn previous studies of the treatment of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) we demonstrated that the therapeutic efficiency of immunotherapy (BCG plus promastigotes ofLeishmania mexicana) is equal to that of chemotherapy (Glucantime), without causing the serious side‐effects of the drug treatment. In the present study, various aspects of cell‐mediated immunity, including the lymphoproliferative responsein vitroto mitogens andLeishmaniaantigen, leishmanin skin test response, and leucocyte subpopulations were evaluated both before treatment and after cure in 39 LCL patients who had received immunotherapy (IT), in 34 submitted to chemotherapy (CT), and in 14 patients cured by the administration of BCG alone. We demonstrated evident signs of T‐cell activation in cured patients who had received either CT or IT. For example, an increased expression of IL‐2 receptors was observed in such patients, compared to their pretreatment values. Also, a significant percentage of patients showed augmented in‐vitro responses to mitogen, and both in‐vitro and in‐vivo reactivity to leishmanial antigen. No evidence was found for the development of an exaggerated immune response toLeishmaniaparasites in the IT group, because the final level of immunological reactivity was comparable to the CT group. Neither was there any difference in terms of the final immune response between the patients cured by BCG treatment alone and the other groups. However, the therapeutic efficiency of BCG was lower and the mean cure time was longer. We conclude that IT is very useful in the treatment of LCL patients because of its high efficiency, low propensity to produce side‐effects, and the fact that it does not induce a state of h

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1989.tb00660.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe inhibitory effect of anti‐sporozoite monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) on the in‐vitro development of liver stages ofPlasmodium cynomolgi bastianellii(NIH strain) was evaluated using primary cultures of rhesus monkey hepatocytes. MoAbs against the circumsporozoite proteins of five strains ofP. cynomolgi(NIH, London, Gombak, Ceylon, Berok), and ofP. knowlesi(Hstrain) were used. Incubation of sporozoites ofP. cynomolgi bastianelliiwith the anti‐NIH strain MoAbs entirely prevented liver‐stage development; MoAbs produced against the other four strains had no apparent activity. The anti‐P.knowlesiMoAbs had a partially inhibitory effect on parasite development. These functional studies complement previous immunological studies onP. cynomolgistrain specificity, and confirm the cross‐reactivity observed previously between sporozoites ofP. cynomolgi bastianelliiandP. knowles

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1989.tb00661.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe necessity for co‐operation between lymphocytes and myeloid‐derived inflammatory cells in the mediation of anti‐coccidial immunity was investigated using mice infected withEimeria vermiformis.Reciprocal exchange of immune lymphocytes between H‐2 compatible strains of contrasting susceptibility to infection (resistant BALB/B and susceptible C57BL/10) resulted in successful transfer of immunity in both homologous and heterologous exchanges. Recipients of immune cells, whatever their original response phenotype, expressed a high degree of immunity to infection, indicating that the differential susceptibility of the strains is a property of their lymphoid cells and is not attributable to their capacity to mount inflammatory responses. This conclusion was confirmed by the successful adoptive transfer of immunity into NIH mice previously exposed to 600 rad X‐irradiation; at this level of irradiation inflammatory responsiveness is severely depressed. Additional confirmation that strain‐response phenotype is lymphocyte dependent and that immune lymphocytes can mediate their effects againstE. vermiformiswithout the intervention of inflammatory cells was obtained from studies on the mucosal mast cell response to infection. No correlation existed between the development of intestinal mastocytosis, an index of T‐cell‐mediated inflammatory responsiveness, and the expression of resistance toE. vermiformisin BAL/c (resistant), C57BL/10 (susceptible) and NIH (su

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1989.tb00662.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMechanisms of resistance/susceptibility to the obligate intracellular protozoanEncephalitozoon cuniculiwere studied in resistant BALB/c and susceptible C57BL/6 mice. Three immunological functions were examined: the production of lymphokine(s) (LK) by T‐lymphocytes, the proliferative response of spleen cells to parasite spore fragments, and the ability of splenic and thioglycollate‐induced peritoneal macrophages to act as accessory cells in antigen‐induced T‐cell proliferation. The two strains showed differences in the time required for LK productionin vitrobut not in their ability to generate LK. Spore fragment‐induced lymphoblastogenesis was found in spleen cells of infected BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. There was no difference between the two strains in dose response and time of maximal response, but the magnitude of maximal response was significantly less in C57BL/6 mice. Indomethacin was found to augment the lymphoproliferative response of C57BL/6 but not BALB/c mice, suggesting that prostaglandin production may be involved in immunosuppression in C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 mice required more splenic adherent cells to achieve the same proliferative response as found in BALB/c mice. The ability of thioglycollate‐induced peritoneal macrophages to act as accessory cells in antigen‐induced T‐cell proliferation was less in C57BL/6 mice than in BALB/c mice. Thus, it appeared that the relative susceptibility of C57BL/6 mice to encephalitozoonosis may be due to defective accessory cell function of splenic and peritoneal macrophages, depressed lymphoproliferation against spore fragments (possibly due to prostaglandin‐mediated suppression) and a delay in LK production. There was no significant difference between the survival times of BALB/c‐nu and C57BL/6‐nu mice, suggesting that non‐immune mediated resistance did not play a role in determining re

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1989.tb00663.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAntibodies from mice vaccinated with highly irradiatedSchistosoma mansonior S.haematobiumcercariae were used to characterize schistosomulum surface epitopes which were found to be diverse in their species and stage specificities. The epitopes recognized on the Mr>200 000 and 15 000 schistosomulum surface antigens ofS. mansoniand the Mr>200 000 schistosomulum surface antigen of 5.haematobiumwere found to be cross‐specific whereas those on the Mr38 000, 32 000 and 20 000 schistosomulum surface antigens of 5.mansoniand the Mr35000, 30000 and 24000 schistosomulum surface antigens ofS. haematobiumwere only immunoprecipitated by homologous antibody and are thus possible targets of the protective species‐specific immunity stimulated by highly irradiated cercariae. The epitopes recognized on the Mr>200000 and 38 000 antigens ofS. mansoniwere shown to cross‐react with both the egg and the adult worm whereas those on the Mr32 000 and 20 000 antigens only cross‐reacted with the adult worm, and those on the Mr15000 antigen cross‐reacted with neither the adult worm nor the egg. In addition the epitopes on the Mr38 000 and 32000 antigens were demonstrated to be polypeptide in nature. Those on the Mr>200 000, 20000 and 15 000 antigens, on the other hand, could not be conclusivel

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1989.tb00664.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPhagocytosis of yeast by haemocytes ofBiomphalaria glabrata, intermediate host ofSchistosoma mansoni, is influenced strongly by host plasma components, although it can occur without involvement of such factors. Plasma from two strains ofB. glabratawhich are resistant toS. mansonidiffers in its opsonic properties from the plasma of a susceptible strain. This may reflect the principles which determine compatibility or incompatibility in this host‐parasite system. Opsonization is a time‐dependent process: short periods of incubation in plasma from all strains reduces subsequent phagocytosis in the absence of plasma factors, whereas longer incubation in resistant strain plasma is markedly opsonic. Haemocytes from all strains examined are equally competent in their recognition of either native or opsonized ye

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1989.tb00665.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryProteins ofEchinococcus granulosusprotoscolex excretory/secretory or deoxycholate solubilized somatic antigens were radiolabelled with125I and immunoprecipitated with sera from dogs naturally or experimentally infected withE. granulosusand various control dog sera. Analysis of immunoprecipitates was performed using one‐ and two–dimensional gel electrophoresis to identify antigenic protein components specific forE. granulosus.Using both electrophoretic techniques, a basic component of Mr27000 and an acidic component of Mr94000 were defined in both excretory /secretory and somatic protoscolex antigens, and were specifically identified by 95% and 62% of 21 sera fromE. granulosus‐infected dogs, respectively. An abundant component of Mr35000 was identified by 100% of these dogs, parts of which wereE. granulosusspecific. Results of this study should allow identification of specific recombinant antigens for routine serodiagnosis ofE. granulosusinfection in

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1989.tb00666.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryCollagen‐like proteins, thought to be responsible for maintaining the structural integrity of the nematode cuticle, were isolated from adultNecator americanusand shown to be susceptible to digestion by purified mast cell proteases. Although these collagens would appear normally to be masked by superficially expressed (surface) antigens, it is suggested that a sufficiently avid and specific immune response could remove this potentially protective coat, rendering the structurally important underlying layers open to immune attac

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1989.tb00667.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0141-9838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3024.1989.tb00668.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY