摘要:

The electrical double layer at a solid-liquid interface plays a prominent role in the interpretation of many colloidal phenomena. Adsorption of foreign ions at colloidal particle surfaces is influenced by the surface charge density ([sgrave]0) and the double layer potential (0). The stability of hydrophobic colloidal solutions is largely controlled by the relative strength of repulsive and attractive (van der Waals) forces which come into play when the double layers of two approaching particles overlap.

ISSN:0031-9104    

DOI:10.1080/00319107808084731

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Water is so common, yet so complex. Our understanding of this substance has not matched its ubiquitous nature. The presence of water in any region results in a host of unsolved problems. This view is abundantly true at the electrode-solution interfaces which are the scene of the bulk of electrochemical phenomena. This report therefore is aimed at a discussion of water at electrode-solution interfaces. In particular. attention is directed towards the various ways in which interfacial water commands consideration in electrochemistry.

ISSN:0031-9104    

DOI:10.1080/00319107808084732

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In the lecture presented by Prof. Reddy the role of water in determining the potential dependence of electrosorption of neutral organic molecules has been discussed. The process one considers is that of the replacement of a number of water moleculesnby each organic molecule adsorbed. The dipole moments of the adsorbed water molecules interact with the electrical field in the double layer and hence cause a potential (or charge) dependent adsorption of the neutral organic molecule, even if the latter possesses no permanent dipole moment. The theory of this phenomenon has been worked out by Bockris, Devanathan and Muller. Corrections for lateral interactions between the adsorbed water molecules and for the permanent dipole moment of the electrosorbed neutral organic molecule have been made.1,2

ISSN:0031-9104    

DOI:10.1080/00319107808084733

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The structure of water near interfaces is reviewed in this paper and evidence presented for the existence of notable changes in the properties of such vicinal water. The depth of the changed surface zone is discussed; it appears that this depth may approach a tenth ofa micron. Possible types of vicinal water structures include the high-pressure ice polymorphs and clathrate. cage-like entities. Some examples of thermal anomalies in the properties of vicinal water are reviewed: at least four different thermal anomalies occur between the freezing and boiling point. It is concluded that thex anomalies likely reflect higher order phase transitions in the structured units of the vicinal water. These transitions appear not to be notably affected by the detailed chemical nature of thc solid substrates with which thc ater is in contact. This is referred to as the “paradoxical effect” and is tentatively interpreted in terms of an energy delocalization phenomenon. The vicinal water structures near solid interfaces appear characterized by low energetics and long-range ordering: these vicinal structures may represent the “anti-crystalline” state discussed by Ubbelohde. The importance of such structures in biological systems is examined. Examples are shown of thermal anomalies in the properties of cellular systems. and the role of water in cell physiology is reviewed. including aspects of water/macromolecule interactions, gene action, mechanism of thermal death, and active transport, etc. Non-equilibrium aspects of biological systems are considered briefly in terms of the “dissipative structures” discussed by Glansdorffand Prigogine, and the suggestion is made that the domains of local ordering which may occur as thc result of conditions very far from equilibrium may specifically and uniquely involve the intracellular structurally moditied water.

ISSN:0031-9104    

DOI:10.1080/00319107808084734

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The surface of clay minerals such as montmorillonite and vermiculite offersan unique environment for the study of water molecules arrangement and of their interaction with cations since

ISSN:0031-9104    

DOI:10.1080/00319107808084735

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The motivation for this work comes from Biophysics or, more precisely, from Biopolymer chemistry. It has long been suggested that non-polar molecules, or non-polar groups hung on the skeleton of a biopolymer, tend to adhere to each other in aqueous environment. This phenomenon has been called hydrophobic interaction (HI).14 As it often occurs in science, the very name “HI” has currently replaced the explanation of the phenomenon to which it refers. That is, if one observes an attraction between non-polar particles in water, then the “explanation” of this phenomenon is attributed to the existence of HI. The main questions that one may raise in this connection are the following

ISSN:0031-9104    

DOI:10.1080/00319107808084736

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor