摘要:

Toy choice and vigorous play with toys were observed in 60 pairs of children aged 19 to 42 months playing with gender stereotyped toys, first with their mothers and then with a familiar same or opposite gender peer. Choice of opposite gender toys was greater in the action play of mixed pairs. In pretend play, only girls in the oldest age group chose girls' toys more frequently and used opposite gender toys less in mixed pairs. Boys engaged in significantly more vigorous play with toys but the difference between the play of boys and girls was not statistically significant in the peer condition. The ability of girls to access social representations of gender was invoked to account for their more mature, gender differentiated behaviour.

ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1985.tb00956.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Children's judgements of deserved punishment were studied as function of three moral variables. Subjects judged how much a child in a story should be punished for ruining another's stamps, given information about (a) how many stamps were damaged, (b) theculpa, or intent, of the harmful act, and (c) recompense, or the proportion of stamps paid back by the offender. In three experiments, recompense had substantially greater effects than the damage for which recompense was made. This pre‐potency of recompense was greater at younger ages across a range from 4 years to college age. Damage andculpawere integrated by an additive rule in agreement with previous work. In contrast, the recompense‐damage and recompense‐culpaintegration rules were both non‐a

ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1985.tb00957.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the interplay of paternal absence and family characteristics and its association with the adolescent's stage of drug use. Five hundred white male and female high school students participated in the study. Results indicated that youngsters from father‐absent homes are more likely to report higher stages of drug use than are those from father‐present homes. In addition, the findings supported a mediational model in which the absence of the father seems to influence parents' behaviour towards the child and towards each other, which in turn results in the youngster's being at a higher stage of drug

ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1985.tb00958.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Young children frequently draw a depth relationship as a left‐right relationship on the page. However, this is not a rigid habit, since they use height in picture if the depth relationship is stressed before they make their drawing. A group of 4–6‐year‐olds was asked to draw an array of two bricks, arranged one behind the other, and an array of three bricks containing both a depth relationship and a left‐right relationship. Most 4‐year‐olds drew the two‐item array horizontally, and there was a limited tendency to shift to vertical portrayal of depth in the three‐item array. Again, most 5‐ and 6‐year‐olds drew the two‐brick array horizontally, but a clear majority used vertical portrayal for the three‐item array. In addition, there was significant carry‐over of the vertical method from the three‐item array to a subsequent drawing of the two‐item array. It is concluded that, when faced with more complex draftsmanship problems, children spontaneously adopt

ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1985.tb00959.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Age‐related changes in the magnitudes of the ingoing fin and outgoing fin forms of the Mueller‐Lyer illusion and in the magnitudes of two versions of the Ponzo illusion were investigated in children ranging in age from 5 to 11 years. Both forms of the Mueller‐Lyer illusion declined with age. The classical Ponzo illusion showed a quadratic age trend, thus confirming the work of Quina&Pollack (1972), while no significant age‐related changes were found for the multi‐converging line version of the Ponzo

ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1985.tb00960.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1985.tb00961.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The Development of Thought.ByGraeme S. Halford.Toward a Holistic Developmental Psychology.Edited bySeymour Wapner&Bernard Kaplan.‘Autistic’ Childern: New Hope for a Cure.ByN.&E. A. Tinber

ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1985.tb00962.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY