ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1992.tb00580.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Present‐day approaches to adolescent research are no longer characterized by the notion that adolescence is a period of ‘storm and stress' but emphasize instead the processes of change and adjustment which take place in response to developmental transitions. This article considers these and other perspectives which influence modern work on adolescence before discussing four areas of research—maturation, identity and self‐concept, problems of adolescent development and social development— which are likely to be the focus of continuing research interest in Europe during the 1990s. Possible new research directions are then discussed. It is suggested that political and other changes in Europe are likely to give added significance to issues like migration and cross‐cultural differences in perceptions of family life. Brief consideration is also given to the possible influence of current research in cognition, social cognition and dynamic systems on the study of adolescence. Finally, it is argued that the development of a new theoretical perspective on adolescence is likely to be a feature of research in the coming decade

ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1992.tb00581.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated the conceptions of other European nationals which were held by a group of 5–10‐year‐old English schoolchildren, with particular attention being paid to developmental changes in the cognitive and the affective/evaluative aspects of these conceptions. Two hundred and sixteen children were interviewed about French, German, Spanish and Italian people. Evidence was found to support the proposal that, as more information about groups of foreign nationals is acquired with age, children develop increasingly differentiated nationality concepts composed of clusters of attributes agreed by the children to be characteristic of a particular people. Evidence was also found that affective responses towards foreign peoples can be established prior to the acquisition of factual information about those peoples, and that these affective responses remain relatively stable once they have been acquired. The implications of these findings in regard to the changes which are currently occurring in European human mobility are disc

ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1992.tb00582.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Very little is known about the use children make of temporal concepts in their explanations of reality. The experiment presented here concerns the development of diachronic thinking in children, i.e. their ability to situate an object of knowledge along a temporal dimension and to conceive changes of this object over time. The experimental situation concerns forest disease and explores the child's ability to understand this phenomenon and to reconstruct the stages of its evolution. A total of 52 children aged from 8 to 11 years were asked questions about the past and future states of a diseased tree. The results show that important changes take place between 8 and 11 years in the conception of the evolution involved and reveal the components of a diachronic perspective. This perspective does not only consist of imagining and ordering steps in an evolutive process. It must also include the ability to establish a link between the steps by conceiving internal transformations that produce external changes. The changes constitute a continuous and gradual sequence, going from past to future. This diachronic perspective is not completely mastered before the age of 10–11 years. Before this, children have a punctual representation, imagine a small number of steps, a short time span and do not establish links between past and futur

ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1992.tb00583.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper traces the history and identifies current issues in referential communication from a European perspective. It is argued that an understanding of how children handle verbal messages is important for theoretical and applied (especially educational) reasons, but that a methodological shift is needed. An approach is outlined that uses tasks with clear goals that enable children to perceive the purpose of communication. Telephones replace the customary talking‐through screens, which also removes the distorting presence of the experimenter. The implications of the experimenter traditionally playing the dual role of investigator and task communicator are examined. When the age of the children demands the presence of an adult, that person's contribution must be measured. Detailed coding of verbal and non‐verbal behaviour, drawing on developments in discourse analysis, are outlined together with some illustrative findings. The paper concludes with some proposed future fruitful lines of enqu

ISSN:0261-510X    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1992.tb00584.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY