摘要:

The global AIDS epidemic and the fact that HIV is sexually transmitted have highlighted the need for more information on patterns of human sexuality, especially with regard to high‐risk practice and behaviours. Consequently, the World Health Organization's Global Programme on AIDS (in collaboration with Member States) has developed research materials that can be used to define dominant patterns of sexual behavior, in different social and cultural environments, in order to facilitate targeting AIDS prevention and control activities. The paper presented herein describes the inception of this study and discusses the rationale, the conceptual framework, the interview schedule, the pilot data, the research design, and the data analytic strategies.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498909551516

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The epidemiology of HIV transmission, and hence AIDS, depends upon phenomena such as sexual mixing patterns, about which very little is known. Mathematical models of sexually transmitted HIV assume random mixing among susceptible and infected individuals, across differing levels of sexual activity. Given that this representation of sexual mixing is probably wrong (in the sense of descriptive accuracy), should such models be used to formulate and/or evaluate AIDS intervention strategies? This paper presents an example where random mixing, though wrong descriptively, identifies a useful policy. In the process, the concept ofworst case sexual mixingis introduced. Arguments for involving simple models of the AIDS epidemic in policy analysis conclude the paper.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498909551517

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Two well‐cited studies (Fisher, 1980; Schwartz, 1973) have suggested that people with negative emotional orientations toward sexuality (i.e.,“erotophobia”or“sex guilt”) have difficulty learning contraceptive information. However, a recent laboratory study (Goldfarb, Gerrard, Gibbons,&Plante, 1988) has raised doubts about this conclusion by demonstrating that erotophobic women can learn contraceptive information if they are exposed to it. The current study was designed to further clarify the relationship between emotional orientation toward sex and ability to learn sexually relevant material. Specifically, it compared pretest and post‐test knowledge of contraception and AIDS in erotophobic and erotophilic students in a university class on human reproduction. While the results indicated that male erotophobics initially knew less, there were no knowledge differences between males and females or erotophobics and erotophilics at the end of the course. Thus, these results support the conclusion that erotophobics are capable of learning sexual material if they are exposed to it. The implications of these results for educational strategies for decreasing unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases are discussed.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498909551518

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this second article of a two‐part series, data from three separate studies are presented supporting the reliability, discriminant, and construct validity of the Attraction to Sexual Aggression (ASA) scale. Higher scores on this scale were associated with attitudes supporting aggression against women, affective reactions to media portrayals of forced sex, physiological and self‐reported sexual arousal, hostility toward women, dominance motives, and antisocial personality characteristics. Based on data with low sexual aggressors, higher ASA scores were associated with greater similarity (on relevant dimensions) to high sexual aggressors, suggesting that ASA may help identify potentially sexually aggressive men at“risk”for future sexual coercion. However, caution in the use of such identification is urged. Finally, it is concluded that although the data support the usefulness of earlier work with self‐reported likelihood measures, the use of ASA is an improvement in this line of research. Directions for future development of this scale and research are also discussed.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498909551519

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper examines the controversial issue of rape in nonhuman animal species. Many existing studies on nonhuman rape appear to suffer from inappropriate definitions and questionable interpretations. Many existing critiques of these studies are limited by their own misunderstandings of evolutionary theory. An attempt is made to reduce the resulting controversy by defining rape in a way that can be applied to nonhuman animals, without provoking unwarranted implications about human rape. Applying this definition to existing studies indicates that behavior meeting the definition of rape does exist in several nonhuman species. However, comparisons of these species do not provide clear implications for either proximate or ultimate explanations of human rape.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498909551520

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In a study conducted over a 5‐year period, the author interviewed over 300 Sudanese women and 100 Sudanese men on the sexual experience of circumcised and infibulated women. Sudanese circumcision involves excision of the clitoris, the labia minora and the inner layers of the labia majora, and fusion or infibulation of the bilateral wound. The findings of this study indicate that sexual desire, pleasure, and orgasm are experienced by the majority of women who have been subjected to this extreme sexual mutilation, in spite of their also being culturally bound to hide these experiences. These findings also seriously question the importance of the clitoris as an organ that must be stimulated in order to produce female orgasm, as is often maintained in Western sexological literature.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498909551521

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A Consultation on partner notification for preventing HIV infection was convened by the World Health Organization's Global Programme on AIDS (GPA) and Sexually Transmitted Disease Programme (VDT) from 11–13 January 1989 in Geneva. A total of 27 participants from 20 countries attended the Consultation, including experts in public health, law, epidemiology, biomédical and social science aspects of AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases (STD).

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498909551522

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

He‐men and semen: The urological view of manhoodCONTEMPORARY MANAGEMENT OF IMPOTENCE AND INFERTILITY. Emil A. Tanagho, Tom F. Lue, and R. Dale McClure (Editors). Baltimore, MD: Williams&Wilkins, 1988, 386 pages, $83.50. REVIEWED BY Leslie R. Schover, Center for Sexual Function, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106.The backlash against feminismTHE FAILURE OF FEMINISM. Nicholas Davidson. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1988, 389 pages, Cloth: $18.95. REVIEWED BY Carol A. Pollis, Dean of Humanities, Social Sciences and General Education, University of Wisconsin‐Green Bay, Green Bay, WI 54311.The search for sexual paradigmsINTIMATE MATTERS, John D'Emilio&Estelle B. Freedman, New York, Harper and Row, 1988, 428 pages, $24.95; THE AMERICANIZATION OF SEX. Edwin Schur, Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 1988, 229 pages; and THE SENSUOUS LIE, Celia Haddon, New York City, Stein and Day, 1982, 225 pages. REVIEWED BY Suzanne G. Frayser, Ph.D., University College (University of Denver), Box 1093, Conifer, CO 80433.WOMEN AND PROSTITUTION: A SOCIAL HISTORY. Vern Bullough&Bonnie Bullough. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books (orig. pub. 1978), 1987, 374 pages. $15.95. REVIEWED BY B. R. Burg, Department of History, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287–2501.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498909551523

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498909551515

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor