摘要:

Frequently, dynamic analyses of public opinion cannot be performed because of incomplete polling. This problem is clearly evident for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Thus, to overcome this limitation, the present paper demonstrates the usefulness of a new methodology whereby opinion (e.g., the spread of AIDS) can be estimated using the mathematical model of ideodynamics. As input, the model uses information in the mass media scored by computer, using the technique of successive filtrations. Such opinion computations can be made over any period of time, however long or short, so long as the mass media provide the major information about the issue.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498909551504

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Students in 3 middle (n=385) and 3 high schools (n=254) in the San Francisco Unified School District participated in the evaluation of an AIDS education curriculum. Classes within‐schools were designated as either intervention classes or nonintervention classes. Students in intervention classes received 3 class periods of AIDS instruction with a newly developed curriculum. Students in nonintervention classes did not receive any special AIDS instruction. All students completed a pretest and posttest AIDS knowledge and attitude survey. The results indicated that AIDS instruction classes demonstrated a significant knowledge‐advantage, as well as change in attitudes (e.g., reflecting greater tolerance for attending class with students who may have AIDS or HIV infection).

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498909551505

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Traditional sex‐role stereotypes suggest that men and women engage in sex for different reasons. Previous studies have supported the notion that women are more motivated by emotional expression in having sex, and men are more concerned with physical gratification. In a survey of sexual behavior, heterosexual and homosexual respondents were asked to rate the importance of a variety of reasons for having sex and not having sex. The results showed that men and women differed in the importance attached to emotional and physical motives, with gender differences appearing in both heterosexuals and homosexuals. Certain practical motives (e.g., to reproduce, fear of AIDS, fear of pregnancy) differentiated between homosexuals and heterosexuals. Motivations predicting frequency of sexual behavior in the last month depended on the relationship status of the respondent. These findings, although suggesting that gender differences in motivations for sex persist in all kinds of relationships, point to many similarities among gay and straight men and women in reasons for having sex and limiting sexual activity.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498909551506

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Twenty‐two men and 55 women used a self‐monitoring procedure to keep an ongoing record of three aspects of sexual frequency in marital and cohabiting relationships: sexual initiations, responses to these initiations, and considering initiating but not doing so. In addition, respondents provided descriptive information on one negative and one positive response situation. Two of the goals of the study were to determine whether one or more of these aspects of sexual frequency: (1) was related to the factors relevant to sexual frequency; and (2) differed for men and women. A third goal was to determine the strategies individuals used to initiate sexual activity and to respond to sexual initiations, and to relate these to the partner's response. The results indicated that male partners initiated and considered initiating sex more often than did the female partners. However, contrary to sex‐role stereotypes, when the number of initiations was controlled, men and women did not differ in their responses to the sexual initiations. Regression analyses indicated that cohabiting (as compared to married) individuals and individuals with greater sexual satisfaction reported more initiations. When the number of initiations was controlled, less sexually satisfied individuals were found to give more negative responses to initiations.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498909551507

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A survey study of 666 undergraduate students was conducted to examine how standards for a target depend on the target's personal relevance, gender, and age. Whether male and female students have different sexual attitudes was also examined. Respondents were randomly assigned to complete a sexual permissive scale for one type of target. No evidence was found for a double standard, but age and personal relevance of the target affected the standards endorsed. Less permissiveness was endorsed for younger targets and targets who were“personal”(e.g.,“sister”or“brother”) to the respondent. Furthermore, female respondents were less permissive than male respondents. Whether this gender difference reflects women's greater sexual conservatism or women's lack of power in the social structure is also discussed.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498909551508

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

While sexuality is the focus of extensive research, the concept has not been adequately defined. In this paper, sexuality is defined as the individual capacity to respond to physical experiences which are capable of producing body‐centered genital excitation, that only subsequently becomes associated with cognitive constructs (either anticipatory for new experiences or reflective of past experiences) independent of ongoing physical experiences. The discussion focuses on four components of this definition: that sexuality is an individual capacity, is experiential, is body‐oriented, and is directed toward genital excitation.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498909551509

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article describes the development of the Sexuality Scale, an instrument designed to measure three aspects of human sexuality:sexual‐esteem, defined as positive regard for and confidence in the capacity to experience one's sexuality in a satisfying and enjoyable way;sexual‐depression, defined as the experience of feelings of depression regarding one's sex life; andsexual‐preoccupation, defined as the tendency to think about sex to an excessive degree. The procedure involved (a) item construction, selection and subsequent validation through item analysis; and (b) a factor analysis of the items on the Sexuality Scale and the establishment of factorial validity. The results indicated that the three subscales were psychometrically sound, that males reported more sexual‐preoccupation than did females, and that the three subscales have unique intercorrelation patterns. The exploratory nature of these findings are discussed.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498909551510

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Truth‐of‐consensus methodology presently holds that sex differences in perceptions of physical attractiveness are negligible and may be routinely ignored during prescaling. No determination has been made in the literature of the effects of sexual orientation on this perceptual process. The data presented herein suggest that while sex and sexual orientation of judge are largely irrelevant to prescaling of female stimuli, these variables are important when judging male stimuli. In particular, male homosexuals and male heterosexuals differ significantly in ranking male facial photographs. Thus, experimenters wishing to treat attractiveness levels as known quantities should control for this difference, especially when using a small number of judges for prescaling.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498909551511

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A Consultation on sexually transmitted diseases (STD) as a potential risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)1transmission was convened by the World Health Organization's Global Programme on AIDS (GPA) and Sexually Transmitted Disease Programme (VDT) from 4–6 January 1989 in Geneva. A total of 32 participants from 21 countries participated, including experts in public health, epidemiology, biomedical and social science aspects of STD and AIDS.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498909551512

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498909551513

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor