ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499309551703

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Little is known regarding the social and sexual behavior of bisexual men, a population of increasing importance given their risk for HIV transmission. In this exploratory study, we described a sample of 105 self‐identified bisexual men recruited through a newspaper ad and interviewed in person. Our objectives were to (a) describe their social characteristics and reported sexual behavior with males and females; (b) assess rates of disclosure of sexuality to others, including female sexual partners; (c) examine behavioral versus self‐labeling definitions of bisexuality, vis‐a‐vis involvement in the gay community, mental health, and HIV‐risk behavior; and (d) test the stability of sexual orientation during one year in a subsample of respondents. HIV‐risk behavior was generally low. Most respondents had not disclosed their same‐sex attraction to their social networks, including female sexual partners. Behaviorally bisexual men had higher psychological well‐being and lower HIV risk than did men who self‐identified as bisexual but did not meet a behavioral criterion. Among respondents recontacted one year after the original interview, 40% had changed toward a more homosexual self‐identity. We present these data for heuristic purposes in the hope that other researchers will pursue issues that are raised, and we caution against generalizing from this limited sample to larger populations.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499309551704

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

One might expect lesbian and bisexual women to form a strong alliance because of their common marginalization in a heterosexist and sexist society. But previous research has shown that tension exists between lesbian and bisexual women and that some segments of the lesbian community consider bisexuality a threat to lesbian politics. In this article I report data on beliefs about bisexual women gathered from 346 self‐identified lesbians via self‐administered questionnaires and discuss the relationship between lesbian and bisexual women as a special case of intergroup relations. Most lesbian respondents believed that bisexual identity is more likely than lesbian identity to be a phase or a way of denying one's true sexuality and that bisexual women are less personally and politically loyal and more willing and able to pass as heterosexual than are lesbians. Lesbians’beliefs about bisexual women were uncorrelated with demographics, but lesbians who reported having some heterosexual feelings were less inclined to hold derogatory beliefs about bisexual women than were lesbians whose feelings were exclusively homosexual. On the basis of intergroup relations theory, I argue that lesbian‐bisexual relations are in the“amicable consensus”stage of political development (Jackman&Senter, 1983) and that lesbians’attitudes are likely to change as the nascent bisexual political movement grows in strength. Methodological issues pertaining to the measurement of lesbians’attitudes toward sexuality, including the reactivity of these attitudes to various measurement strategies, are discussed.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499309551705

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Research on the impact of parent‐child communication about sexuality has yielded contradictory and inconsistent results, perhaps because of the lack of a standard measure of the concept. Nine previously used scales which were purported to measure family sexual communication were administered to 363 college students and their parents to compare the reliability and validity of the various measures. The scales varied in their psychometric properties and seemed to be measuring the concept of family sexual communication in some substantially different ways. None of the measures correlated significantly with responses on a measure of social desirability. The scales showed very little concurrent validity, but it was unclear if this was because of the instruments or the means chosen to demonstrate validity. There were no significant correlations between the various measures of parent‐child communication and the sexual activity and contraceptive use of the college students. This is clearly an area where further instrument development is essential.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499309551706

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The association between heterosexuals’attitudes toward gay men and their interpersonal contact experiences with a lesbian or gay person was examined with data from a national AIDS telephone survey with a probability sample of English‐speaking adults in the United States (n= 937). When asked whether any friends or relatives had“let you know that they were homosexual,”approximately one‐third of the respondents gave an affirmative answer. Regression analyses indicated that interpersonal contact predicted attitudes toward gay men better than did any other demographic or social psychological variable included in the equation. Interpersonal contact was more likely to be reported by respondents who were highly educated, politically liberal, young, and female. The data indicate that interpersonal contact is strongly associated with positive attitudes toward gay men and that heterosexuals with characteristics commonly associated with positive attitudes are more likely than others to be the recipients of disclosure from gay friends and relatives.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499309551707

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Findings that implicate biological mechanisms in the etiology of homosexuality provoke a wide range of reactions concerning their ethical, legal, and policy ramifications. However, the mere fact of biological causation can have no implications which are not true of all behavior, because all behavior is biologically (specifically, neurophysiologically) caused at the most proximate level of explanation. Notwithstanding this conclusion, a particular type of biological causation that is not characteristic of all behavior could, in principle, have ethical, legal, or policy implications. We explore alternative senses in which homosexuality might be considered to be biological, including“innate”and“immutable,”and show that“innate”explanations, at least, have some limited (though important) policy implications. More generally, however, we conclude that inferring ethical, legal, or policy consequences from etiological knowledge is much less straightforward than typically assumed.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499309551708

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Among a self‐selected group of 330 first‐year college students we assessed frequency of condom use, reasons for using condoms, and attitudes toward condoms, sexuality, and the double standard. A packet including demographic and sexual history items, along with three attitude measures, was distributed to a random sample of first‐year students. The majority (86.4%) of respondents had engaged in sexual intercourse, and 34.2% of those subjects reported two or more new sexual partners since arriving at college. Although 80.3% of those who had engaged in sexual intercourse since arriving at college reported using a condom, only 20.7% of students who had ever engaged in sexual intercourse reported using a condom every time. Logistic analyses were used to investigate the relationship between condom‐related behaviors and attitudes toward condoms, sexuality, and the double standard. These findings suggest that if condom use is to become a major element in the fight against AIDS, as well as in the prevention of other sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies, steps must be taken to increase positive attitudes toward condoms. Recommendations for educating first‐year college students are provided.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499309551709

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Adult‐child and adult‐adolescent sexual interactions have generally been described in the professional literature with value‐laden negative terms. Recently, a number of researchers have criticized this state of affairs, claiming that such usage is likely to have biasing effects. The current investigation examined empirically the biasing impact of negative terminology. Eighty undergraduate students read a shortened journal article that used either neutral or negative terms to describe a number of cases of sexual relationships between male adolescents and male adults—the shortened article was adapted from Tindall (1978). Additionally, students were exposed either to descriptive information or descriptive plus long‐term nonnegative outcome information. The purpose of this manipulation was to examine whether students would process the neutral and positive data in a biased fashion, because these data contradict strongly held assumptions of harm as a consequence of these contacts. Students’judgments were negatively biased by the negative terminology. The students also exhibited evidence for biased processing of the nonnegative outcome information.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499309551710

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Guided by descriptions of the traditional sexual script, researchers have examined men's, but not women's, attempts to influence a reluctant dating partner to engage in sex. In the current study, we examined both men's and women's experiences of women's attempts to influence a reluctant male dating partner to engage in sexual activity. Ninety male and 111 female participants completed a series of questionnaires assessing sexual/dating histories and attitudes toward sexuality. Participants also completed the Sexual Situation Questionnaire designed to assess the situational and behavioral characteristics of disagreements in which a woman attempted to influence a reluctant man to engage in sex. Fifty‐six percent of the participants reported having experienced such a disagreement interaction in the year prior to the study. In accordance with attribution theory, men were expected to be more likely than were women to make personal attributions for their reluctance, whereas women were expected to be more likely than were men to make situational attributions for men's refusals. Our findings supported these predictions. Most participants indicated that the woman complied with the man's indication of reluctance and used no influence behaviors. Somewhat fewer indicated that the woman complied but also used some form of influence, whereas a distinct minority indicated that the woman did not comply with the man's refusal. No influence strategy was rated consistently as having had a positive, negative, or neutral impact on the man, which indicates that influence behaviors can have varying impacts depending on the context in which the influence occurs. In general, few negative emotional or relational consequences were found to be associated with these disagreements. As most disagreements did not result in engaging in the disputed level of sexual activity, women appear to have had little success in their attempts to orchestrate sexual encounters (traditionally men's role in sexual dating interactions).

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499309551711

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Let's Stop Blaming Mothers!Mothers of Incest Survivors: Another Side of the Story.By Janis Tyler Johnson. Blooming‐ton: Indiana University Press, 1992, 162 pages. Paper, $9.95.Homosexuality in ChinaPassions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male Homosexual Tradition in China.By Bret Hinsch. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. xvii + 232 pp. Cloth, $24.95.Of Baiters, Bashers, and Bigots: Conceptualizing Anti‐gay and Anti‐Lesbian ViolenceHate Crimes: Confronting Violence Against Lesbians and Gay Men.Edited by Gregory M. Herek and Kevin T. Berrill. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1992, 310 pages. Cloth, $38.95; Paper, $18.95.Cross Dressing Then and NowCross Dressing, Sex, and Gender.By Vern L. Bullough and Bonnie Bullough. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993, 383 pages. Cloth, $51.95; Paper, $16.95.Therapy Terminable and Interminable:“Non‐gay Homosexuals”Come Out of the ClosetReparative Therapy of Male Homosexuality: A New Clinical Approach.By Joseph Nicolosi. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson Inc., 1991, 355 + xviii pages. Hardcover, $40.00.Sexual FantasyBad Habits.By John C. Burnham. New York: New York University Press, 1993, 385 pages. Illus. Hardcover, $35.00.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499309551712

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor