摘要:

This article presents a debate between two prominent Los Angeles law firms. The issue under consideration is the responsibility of a psychotherapist in notifying individuals at risk for exposure to HIV. Both law firms were presented with a fictional case involving a psychotherapist and a client with AIDS. The client with AIDS is a heterosexual married man who first tested HIV positive, and eventually developed AIDS. The transmission of HIV was presumably the result of a gay affair. However, despite the psychotherapist's constant urging, the client refused to inform his wife about his affair, his antibody status, or his disease. When the wife eventually learned of her husband's illness, she brought suit against the psychotherapist via the Tarasoff ruling. For the purposes of this debate, the law firm of Girardi, Keese and Crane have represented the wife (Plaintiff), whereas the law firm of Cooksey, Howard, Martin and Toolen have represented the psychotherapist (Defendant). Initial arguments, as well as rebuttals, are presented herein.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498809551443

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Recent theoretical advances from social psychology, especially self‐awareness theory and action identification theory, are here applied to masochism. It is possible to consider mashochism as neither a form of self‐destruction nor a derivative of sadism. Instead, masochism may be a means of escaping from high‐level awareness of self as a symbolically mediated, temporally extended identity. Such awareness is replaced by focus on the immediate present and on bodily sensations, and sometimes by a low‐level awareness of self as an object. Evidence is reviewed indicating that the principal features of masochism (pain, bondage, and humiliation) help accomplish this hypothesized escape from high‐level self‐awareness. Historical evidence suggests that sexual masochism proliferated when Western culture became highly individualistic. This could mean that cultural emphasis on the autonomous, individual self increased the burdensome pressure of selfhood, leading to greater desires to escape from self masochistically.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498809551444

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Tomkins' (1979) script theory offers a coherent, heuristic, and elegant account of the macho personality constellation (Mosher&Sirkin, 1984), consisting of: (a) callous sexual attitudes, (b) violence as manly, and (c) danger as exciting. A script is a set of rules for interpreting, directing, defending, and creating the scenes making up the life of the macho man. The macho script organizes childhood scenes in which so‐called“superior, masculine”affects—like excitement and anger—were socialized to be favored over so‐called“inferior, feminine”affects—like distress and fear. Furthermore, both adolescent rites of passage in male youth social networks and processes of enculturation in the American culture and its mass media continue that hypermasculine socialization. The ideological script ofmachismodescends from the ideology of the warrior and the stratifications following warfare—victor and vanquished, master and slave, the head of the house and woman as his complement, the patriarch and his children. The personality script of the macho man and his ideology ofmachismomutually amplify one another—simultaneously justifying his lifestyle and celebrating his world view. In his dangerous, adversarial world of scarce resources, his violent, sexually callous, and dangerous physical acts express his“manly”essence.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498809551445

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper presents an assessment of the impacts which feminism has had on sexual science. The assessment is based on an analysis of the degree to which feminist perspectives and scholarship have been integrated into: a) human sexuality curriculum materials, and b) articles published from 1980–1986 in a leading sexual science journal. Feminist impacts on curriculum materials are evaluated by reviewing several recent analyses and critiques of them. Data from an exploratory study of feminist content, gender and disciplinary affiliation of authors, and gender of editors in a sexual science journal and of disciplinary backgrounds and gender of the membership in the professional organization which publishes the journal, is then presented. The data, which show the differential distribution of journal authors and organization members by various disciplinary affiliations and by gender within those disciplines, are discussed in the context of recent explanations of factors, especially epistemological traditions, which affect the receptivity of various disciplines to feminist scholarship. Strategies for increasing the interaction between feminist scholars of sexuality and sexual science are discussed.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498809551446

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this paper is to consider a very simple model of the AIDS epidemic. This model illustrates how the spread of AIDS can be affected by parameters whose values, at the present time, are very imprecise or unknown. Of particular interest are the data related to sexual encounters and practices, data which are often unreliable or ambiguous. In this regard, the present model also suggests that the epidemiology of AIDS is particularly sensitive to the limitations in the assessment of sexuality/drug‐related behavior. Using a system of elementary differential equations, the present paper illustrates (using 3 examples) that depending upon the value of critical parameters, one could predict either very rapid increases of seropositivity or a decreasing rate of seropositivi‐ty. Thus, in order to diminish the ambiguity, it becomes crucial to make careful estimates of the sexual“interaction”coefficients, along with all other parameters, to insure that reasonable predictions can be made.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498809551447

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This review discusses the measurement, antecedents, and consequents of erotophobia‐erotophilia—the disposition to respond to sexual cues along a negative‐positive dimension of affect and evaluation. Test construction procedures which resulted in a 21‐item measure of this personality construct are reported. Evidence indicates that the measure is internally consistent, shows acceptable degrees of convergent and discriminant validity, and is correlated as expected with related constructs such as authoritarianism, adherence to traditional sex roles, indices of value orthodoxy, and various measures of sex‐related evaluations. Retrospective surveys and group contrasts suggest that erotophobia‐erotophilia is a learned disposition based on one's exposure to sex‐related restrictiveness and punishment during socialization. Consequents of erotophobia‐erotophilia involve avoidance versus approach responses to sexuality in a wide range of situations; scores on this test predict differential sexual experience, responses to erotica, likelihood of engaging in sexual fantasy behavior, the tendency to learn about or teach others about sex, engaging in sex‐related health care, the probability of utilizing contraception, and behaving sexually during pregnancy and postpartum. Cross‐cultural research provides evidence for the generality of this construct beyond North America.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498809551448

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To test the hypotheses that maternal stress during pregnancy may alter the sexual orientation of offspring, 285 women with offspring 19 years of age and older provided retrospective accounts of stressful experiences they had, beginning 12 months prior to pregnancy up to the point of giving birth, and indicated how severe they recalled each event being. When weighted according to severity, stressful experiences helped to predict sexual orientation of male offspring. While most of the variance in sexual orientation remained unexplained, the data suggest that the most critical time in gestation for influencing human sexual orientation of male offspring is during the second trimester, although the first and possibly the third trimesters may be of secondary importance. For female offspring, no significant relationships between maternal stress and sexual orientation were found, although mothers of lesbians did report slightly higher average levels of stress throughout gestation than mothers of female heterosexuals.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498809551449

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498809551450

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Feldman, Douglas A.&Johnson, Thomas M. (Eds.) (1986).The social dimension of AIDS: Method and theory. NY: Praeger Publishers, 274 pgs.; $37.95.Gong, Victor,&Rudnick, Norman (Eds.). (1986).AIDS: Facts and issues. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1986, 386 pgs. Revised edition ofUnderstanding AIDS: A comprehensive guide;$25.00, $10.95 (paper).Griggs, John (Ed.) (1986).AIDS: Public policy dimensions. Proceedings of the national conference sponsored by the United Hospital Fund and the Institute for Health Policy Studies, January 16–17. NY: United Hospital Fund, 307 pgs.; $30.00 (paper).Hummel, Robert F., Leavy, William F., Rampolla, Michael,&Chorost, Sherry. (Eds.) (1986).AIDS: Impact on public policy. NY: Plenum Press, 169 pgs.; $49.50.Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences. (1986).Confronting AIDS: Directions for public health, health care and research. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 374 pgs.; $24.95 (paper).

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498809551451

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498809551442

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor