摘要:

A random, geographically stratified sample of over 2,600 individuals aged 16 and over was interviewed in all states and territories of Australia to determine the prevalence of classes of behaviors which are associated with HIV infection. Returns from the anonymous risk behavior questionnaire (60.2% return rate) suggested that the prevalence of both male and female homosexual behavior, and contact with prostitutes, was substantially lower than that estimated by Kinsey et al. (1948, 1953). Data suggest that prevalence of classes of behaviors which place Australian individuals at risk of HIV infection may be lower than American estimates. However, the proliferation of HIV into the Australian homosexual community may be more extensive than previously assumed. The implications of these data for HIV preventive education programs and their targeting are discussed.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498809551475

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper discusses the basis for differences among heterosexuals in their reactions to gay people, with special emphasis on the issue of gender differences. Three studies conducted with students at six different universities revealed a consistent tendency for heterosexual males to express more hostile attitudes than heterosexual females, especially toward gay men. The same social psychological variables appear to underlie both males’and females’attitudes toward both gay men and lesbians: religiosity, adherence to traditional ideologies of family and gender, perception of friends’agreement with one's own attitudes, and past interactions with lesbians and gay men. The role of these variables in shaping attitudes is discussed and areas for future research are proposed. Construction and validation of the Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men (ATLG) scale are also described.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498809551476

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This research was based on the assumption that there are both male and female masochists and that the two groups may show slightly different patterns. Statistical analyses of anonymous letters to sex‐oriented magazines were used to explore these patterns; these scripts should be regarded as expressions of desire and imagination, not necessarily corresponding to actual behavior. Results suggest that male masochistic scripts exceed female ones in severity of pain, in aggregate humiliation, in status‐loss humiliation, in oral humiliation, in partner infidelity, in active participation by third persons, and in transvestism. Female masochistic scripts surpassed male ones in relative frequency of pain, in con‐textualizing pain as punishment for misdeeds in an ongoing relationship, in humiliation involving exhibitionistic display, in genital intercourse with partner, and in the presence of nonparticipating spectators. These differences can be interpreted in the context of cultural stereotypes of femininity and masculinity and in terms of masochism as a means of escape from identity.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498809551477

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article presents a methodological critique of the few attempts to promote tolerance for homosexuality through education. Thedstatistic was utilized to assess the extent of attitude change from pre‐to post‐intervention assessment. With few exceptions, data have been gathered from college students in courses focused on human sexuality. These data suggest that students who complete these courses become less fearful of contact with homosexuals, more tolerant of homosexuals in social roles, and more tolerant of homosexual behavior, although the extent and duration of the changes may be limited. Although some attribute attitude change to the intensiveness of the course, methodological and conceptual problems, including volunteer bias, provide alternative explanations. Further attempts to promote tolerance toward homosexuality must consider differences in attitudes toward gay men and lesbians and the extent to which men and women differ in their level of tolerance toward these groups.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498809551478

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The most popular current explanation of rape holds that rapists are seeking power, control, violence, and/or domination instead of sex. After reviewing the history of this explanation, this paper examines the evidence that has been used to demonstrate that rapists are not sexually motivated. Twelve specific arguments are examined in light of existing data on rape. All twelve of the arguments are found to be either logically unsound, based on inaccurate definitions, untestable, or inconsistent with the actual behavior of rapists. The implications of these findings are discussed.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498809551479

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Pregnancy among adolescents/young adults continues at epidemic levels despite widespread concern regarding its social and psychological consequences. Cognitive psychologists point out that active decisions and behaviors such as those involved in effective contraception are facilitated or inhibited by any of a number of relevant attitudes and beliefs. The present investigation examined several such cognitive variables. Specifically, the following hypotheses were tested: Among adolescents/young adults, the use of effective contraception would be positively related to (a) the number of known cases of unwanted pregnancy of which subjects were directly aware, and (b) sexual guilt. A sample of 147 sexually active single college students aged 18–19 provided information relevant to these hypotheses. Analyses indicated that contraceptive behavior was unrelated to the number of unwanted pregnancies of which subjects were aware, but was substantially and significantly associated with sexual guilt, even when the possibility of pregnancy was precluded. The nature and implications of these findings are explored.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498809551480

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

It was hypothesized that erotic experiences with condoms would cause attitudes toward condoms to become more positive. Heterosexual couples were randomly assigned to three conditions. Couples received either condoms with instructions on how to incorporate them into sensuous foreplay, condoms only, or no condoms and no instructions. All couples received pre‐and post‐tests on the Attitude Toward Condoms Scale (Brown, 1984). Both of the intervention groups used condoms over a two‐week period. A 3 x 2 x 2 (treatment x gender x pre‐post) design was used, and the analysis revealed that only those who received the erotic instructions had significantly enhanced attitudes toward condoms. The results are discussed in terms of future research and application of an intervention to enhance attitudes toward condoms.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498809551481

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The role of cognition in child sexual abuse is an important, yet virtually ignored area of inquiry. Data from the role construct repertory grid technique (rep grid; Kelly, 1955) were collected from 10 child sexual abusers and 10“sexually normal”individuals in an attempt to replicate a study by Howells (1979) on child molesters’thoughts about their victims and other people. Replicated were the findings concerning the tendency of the combined offender groups to think of females, relative to males, in sexual and physical appearance terms. More importantly, however, tendency of child molesters to use more egoistic constructs than non‐sex offenders was not replicated. Brief discussion of the failure to find significant between‐group differences is presented.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498809551482

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Though there have been numerous studies about transsexualism in the West, none has yet reported on the existence of transsexuals in China. This case study reports on the first case of transsexual surgery in mainland China.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498809551483

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224498809551484

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1988

数据来源: Taylor