摘要:

This research was conducted among 1000 men and 1000 women in five urban and five rural sites in Zaire to obtain information on sexual behavior, especially practices which affect the risk of HIV transmission. Mean coital frequency was 1.7 relations per week for the total population, compared to approximately 4 relations per week among the“sexually active.”One‐half of men and one‐third of women reported having changed their behavior because of AIDS. However, 18% of men reported more than one sexual partner in the past 30 days; 10% of married men and 12% of single men had visited a prostitute in the past 30 days. While condom use was higher among those who had had multiple partners and/or visited a prostitute, two‐thirds of these men reported never having used them. A small but important minority persists in high‐risk behavior despite widespread knowledge of AIDS and modes of transmission.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499109551613

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper examines two alternative evolutionary explanations of human rape. One explanation sees human rape as a facultative male reproductive tactic. The other explanation sees human rape as an evolutionary byproduct of certain evolved differences in the reproductive strategies of human males and females. These two explanations generate alternative testable predictions concerning cross‐species, cross‐cultural, and modern societal data on rape. Existing evidence is found to be insufficient to warrant an adaptive explanation of rapeper sein humans. The question of whether the search for adaptations needs to be shifted from behavioral categories to the underlying psychological mechanisms is discussed.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499109551614

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The purpose of this research was to extend previous studies examining the influence of a person's sexual behavior on others' perceptions of his/ her relationship desirability. Over 750 students from three universities judged the friendship, dating, and marriage desirability of a person based on information ostensibly provided by him/her about current sexual activity. Overall, the results indicated that a target person portrayed as engaging in low sexual activity in a current relationship was perceived to be more desirable as a friend and marriage partner than a person engaging in moderate or high sexual activity, whereas moderate or high sexual activity was preferred more in a dating partner. Whether the sexual activity occurred in a casual or steady dating relationship, however, also affected desirability perceptions. Finally, evidence was found for a reverse double standard in ratings of dating desirability: males were perceived as most desirable as a date when they engaged in moderate sexual activity, whereas females were perceived as most desirable as a date when they engaged in high sexual activity.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499109551615

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Previous research and clinical impression indicate two possible predictors of gynephilic preference among offenders against female children: (1) the occurrence of the offense within a father‐daughter (or stepdaughter) relationship, and (2) victimization of only one child. Validation of these putative predictors was by phallometric test results of a total of 187 male adult subjects: 95“incest”offenders against female children, 54 such non‐incest offenders, and 38 offenders against adult females. Each of these predictors showed to be valid in its own right, and the interaction of the two did not increase prediction potential.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499109551616

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Data generated by the authors' field research on the bisexual and homosexual behaviors of men of Mexican origin living in southern California are presented and compared with the same behaviors of Anglo men in California and Mexican men in Mexico. Preferences for playing either the anal receptive or insertive sexual role and a focus on anal intercourse by unacculturated and less acculturated men of Mexican origin who have sex with men are the sexual behaviors judged to be most significantly different from Anglo men who have sex with men in California. Sexual socialization and acculturation were found to be the most important determinants of whether an individual's adult patterns of homosexual behavior will be more or less influenced by Mexican or Anglo homosexuality in spite of the length of time they may have lived in California. Evidence is presented about the effects that acculturation, preference for a sexual role in anal intercourse, and endogamy have on the spread of the AIDS virus in the Mexican origin population in California.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499109551617

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In order to elaborate on available models of sexual desire, we administered a sexual desire questionnaire to 144 college students, ages 18 to 54. Included in this measure were questions concerning the frequency of sexual desire, whether the respondent had participated in sexual activity without desire, or vice versa, experienced desire without sexual behavior, and a question assessing which cues are used by the subject to gauge sexual desire (e.g., frequency of intercourse, sexual dreams). Subjects also completed the Passionate Love Scale, Sexual Arousal Inventory, and Crowne‐Marlowe Social Desirability Scale. The results indicate that as a group, males report experiencing sexual desire more frequently than females. Males appeared to rely on similar indicators of desire as females, specifically genital arousal and sexual daydreams. For both males and females, sexual desire was significantly correlated with sexual arousal (r= 0.50, females;r= 0.44, males) while the correlation of desire and love was nonsignificant for both sexes. However, desire and sexual behavior did not necessarily co‐occur, as both males and females reported engaging in sexual behavior without desire. These data suggest that greater attention be paid to the definitional features of sexual desire in nonclinical samples, in an effort to clarify current diagnostic categories and to provide population base rates.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499109551618

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The content and valence of women's body image attitudes, general and enduring positive or negative feelings about the body, are studied with psychometric analyses of measures and contrasted groups. Data from two frequently used measures (Body Image Scale, Derogatis&Melisaratos, 1979; Body Satisfaction Scale, Berscheid, Walster&Bohrnstedt, 1973) provided an evaluation of the construct and the assessment of body image. Two studies are provided. The construct analyses suggest two contents for body attitude measures: a general factor of body, facial, and sexual (genital and breast) items, and a second factor assessing weight and/or its body correlates—the hips, thighs, and buttocks. Also, a method factor, a response style of negativity, may be important. Body image attitudes are correlated with some conceptually relevant criteria, such as interest in engaging in sexual activity; however, these relationships do not appear sufficiently strong to predict behavior, such as the occurrence or resolution of sexual dysfunction. Generalized body image disturbance as currently conceptualized and assessed may be difficult to document, particularly when item content and response styles are considered.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499109551619

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Asocial control model of rape proposes that there are societal mechanisms including rape in place to maintain the power imbalance between males and females. One of the forces that perpetuates the problem of rape is traditional gender‐role socialization. A gender‐role model of rape characterizes males as aggressive initiators of sexual activity and women as passive participants. Research has established a link between extreme adherence to a male gender role and experience with sexual aggression; it has been proposed that females learn attitudes about sexuality that might negatively influence their sexual experiences as well, but there is little research to support such a proposal. In the present study,“hyperfeminine”women were hypothesized to indicate particular traditional attitudes and beliefs regarding the rights and roles of women that would have implications for male‐female relationships. The development of a scale to measure hyperfemininity is reported, and several studies are presented that provide initial evidence that the Hyperfemininity scale is both valid and reliable. Hyperfemininity was found to be associated with attitudes supportive of a traditional feminine gender role; these attitudes, in turn, were found to be related to adversarial sexual attitudes and traditional feminine achievement ideals. The possible origins of hyperfeminine attitudes and their role in helping to institutionalize the problem of rape are discussed.

ISSN:0022-4499    

DOI:10.1080/00224499109551620

出版商:Taylor&Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor