摘要:

Results are described of a split‐udder trial on the effect of discontinuation of postmilking teat disinfection on the incidence of clinical mastitis in seven dairy herds with a low bulk milk somatic cell count and a high incidence of clinical mastitis. Overall incidence of clinical mastitis was non‐significantly lower (18%), whereas the incidence of the most prevalent pathogen associated with clinical mastitis,Escherichia coli,was significantly lower in quarters for which postmilking teat disinfection was discontinued. We concluded that discontinuation of postmilking teat disinfection may decrease the incidence of clinicalEscherichia colimastitis in herds for which standard mastitis prevention measures are executed adequately, bulk milk somatic cell count is low, and incidence of clinical mastitis is high. However, because an increase in intramammary infections with contagious pathogens may occur, care is recommended when advising discontinuation of postmilking teat disinfection.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694738

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Results of a 20 month split‐udder trial on the effect of discontinuation of postmilking teat disinfection on intramammary infections (IMI) with major and minor pathogens in seven dairy herds with a low somatic cell count are described. The incidence ofEscherichia coliIMI was found to be significantly lower, whereas the incidence of IMI withStaphylococcus aureusand minor pathogens was significantly higher in quarters for which postmilking teat disinfection was discontinued than in disinfected quarters. It was concluded that discontinuation of postmilking teat disinfection decreased the incidence ofE. coliIMI, accompanied by a, from a practical point of view, acceptable rise in somatic cell count. However, the possible increase in the incidence ofS. aureusIMI calls for careful monitoring of the dynamics of IMI with contagious pathogens, when postmilking teat disinfection is discontinued in an attempt to reduceE. colimastitis.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694739

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This study was undertaken to assess the importance of muscarinic receptor subtypes in equine airway disease. Smooth muscle strips from the mid‐cervical portion of the trachea of horses were placed in tissue baths and isometric contractile force was measured. Active force was measured in response to metacholine and the selective muscarinic receptor agonists McN‐A‐343 (M1‐selective) and pilocarpine (M2‐selective) in cumulative concentrations (10‐9M through 10‐3M), with and without preincubation with three or four concentrations of the selective muscarinic receptor antagonists pirenzepine (M1‐selective), methoctramine (M2‐selective), and 4‐DAMP (M3‐selective). The tissues contracted in response to all muscarinic agonists. The maximum responses (mean ± sem) were 86.7 ± 6.2 g for metacholine, 27.1 ± 2.5 g for McN‐A‐343 and 37.6 ± 3.5 g for pilocarpine. Preincubation with the selective muscarinic receptor antagonists resulted in dose‐dependent rightward shifts of the concentration‐effect curves for metacholine. pA2values (means ± sem) were 8.88 ± 0.30 for 4‐DAMP, 6.53 ± 0.38 for methoctramine, and 6.72 ± 0.31 for pirenzepine. Preincubation with 10‐7M 4‐DAMP resulted in a rightward shift of the concentration‐effect curves for McN‐A‐343 and pilocarpine. These results indicate that the most important muscarinic receptor mediating contraction of equine tracheal smooth muscle is of the M3‐type. Therefore relatively low concentrations of a M3‐selective muscarinic receptor antagonist will inhibit acetylcholine‐induced contraction of equine airway smooth muscle.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694740

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An 18 year old Friesian mare was treated with griseofulvin for dermatomycosis in the second month of pregnancy. Pregnancy was uneventful and after 331 days a male foal was born. The foal showed bilateral microphthalmia, severe brachygnathia superior, and palatocheiloschisis. The lesions were incompatible with life and the animal was euthanized. As similar lesions have been described in other species associated with griseofulvin administration during pregnancy, and the development of the eyes and facial bones in the horse occurs in the second month of pregnancy, the lesions most likely can be attributed to griseofulvin administration.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694741

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

On seven dairy farms an attempt was made to control lungworm disease in calves by turnout on a pasture grazed earlier by cows, followed by a move to aftermath and ivermectin treatment 2 months later. Transmission of lungworm was observed on all farms. Lungworm disease occurred on four farms at treatment. Coughing re‐occurred on three of these farms in some animals 2 months later. Owing to poor performance between turnout and treatment, weight gain was below the norm on the farm with the highest infections and most severe respiratory signs. On the other farms respiratory signs did not result in poor weight gain. Gastrointestinal nematode infections remained low on all farms. The conclusion is that this dose and move scheme cannot be recommended for the control of lungworm.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694742

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Lysine salts are often used in human Pharmaceuticals to increase the solubility and absorption of acidic drugs when these are administered parenterally. In this study the intramuscular bioavailability of ketoprofen administered as the lysine salt was evaluated in horses (n=5) treated intravenously and intramuscularly (2.2 mg/kg active substance) in a cross‐over study. The absorption rate of ketoprofen administered as the lysine salt was rather low: the mean residence time increased from 31.7 min after IV injection to 128.9 min (after IM injection), and the bioavailability was high (mean 92.4%). The calculated steady state plasma concentrations of ketoprofen during multiple dosage were much higher after intramuscular (0.106 g/ml) than after intravenous (0.066 μg/ml) administration. Intramuscular injections of the ketoprofen lysine salt can therefore be given to horses, which are particularly prone to develop soft tissue reactions, since use of the lysine salt markedly reduced local irritation at the injection site.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694743

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the absence of its natural vector, the sandfly, is considered exceptional. This report describes VL in a 12‐month‐old dog which had never been in an area in which VL is endemic but was born in the Netherlands from a bitch that had been infected in Spain. Although the mode of transmission, via the placenta or otherwise, is unknown, it can be concluded that bitches with VL can be a source of infection for their pups, even in a sandfly‐free non‐endemic area. The dog was successfully treated with allopurinol.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694744

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This review article describes the different aetiological agents known or suspected to cause colitis in the adult horse, namelySalmonellaspp.,Clostridiumspp.,Ehrlichia risticii,Cyathostomes, fungi, various antibiotics, drugs, and toxins, with emphasis on their mechanism of action. For each of the infectious agents, diagnostic procedures are indicated. The effects of endotoxin can be important in all forms of equine colitis.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694745

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) is an infrequently diagnosed disorder in cats. In this report the signs and symptoms of two cats with hypercalcaemia due to PHP are described, together with the diagnostic approach, results of treatment, and immunohistochemical findings. A 9‐year‐old and a 13‐year‐old neutered male domestic shorthair cat were presented with signs of lethargy, anorexia, and vomiting. Both cats had persistent hypercalcaemia and normo‐ to hypophosphataemia. Cyto‐logical examination of a fine‐needle aspiration biopsy sample of a palpable cervical mass revealed groups of benign glandular‐epithelial cells in one cat. In the other cat no cervical mass was palpable. In this cat plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were measured repeatedly and these values exceeded the maximum reference value on two occasions. Following exclusion of other causes of hypercalcaemia both cats were subjected to neck surgery and in both a solitary parathyroid adenoma was removed. The adenomas contained an abundance of PTH, as demonstrated by immunohistochemical techniques. Plasma calcium and phosphate concentrations returned to within reference ranges postoperatively. Recovery was uncomplicated and there were no signs of recurrence on follow‐up examinations.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694746

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A 4‐year‐old Burmese cat had undergone two different urethrostomy procedures to resolve feline urethral obstruction. Both methods failed because of incorrect surgical techniques. The reasons for failure, the secondary complications, and the surgical correction of the previously performed urethrostomies are described.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694747

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor