摘要:

Weaned pigs exposed daily to either unpredictable draught (experiment 1) or intermittent unpredictable draught (experiment 2) showed different lymphocyte blastogenic responses after mitogenic stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (ConA). In both experiments PHA skin test responses were lower for draught exposed pigs than for control pigs and leucocyte numbers or profiles were altered compared to those of control pigs. Superoxide production and chemiluminescence of porcine granulocytes were similar for draught exposed and control animals. Furthermore, scrum globulin content did not differ significantly between pigs in the experimental and control room. The strong increase in serum γ‐globulin after the Aujeszky Disease Virus (ADV)‐challenge was the same for draught exposed and control pigs. The same held for the lymphocyte blastogenic response with ADV protein as antigenic stimulus. The present study shows the effects of climatic stress on immunological reactivity, which may reflect a homeostatic disturbance of the pig's immune system elicited by exposure to unpredictable draught.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1994.9694436

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The build up of lungworm infections was studied in four groups of calves. Calves of Group 1 were infected experimentally with 6 × 10 larvae during the first 3 weeks after turnout. The pasture of Group 2 was contaminated with approximately 35,000 larvae in June and the pasture of Group 3 with approximately 1.3 million larvae in August. Group 4 served as the helminth free control group for challenge infections with 5,000 larvae in October.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1994.9694437

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A field trial was performed to determine the effect of a trivalent vaccine on Clinical Respiratory Tract Problems (CRTP) in veal calves. The vaccine has been developed to increase immunity against the causal agents of IBR, BVD and BRSV infection. In total 928 calves, housed in 16 compartments of one herd, were involved. In four compartments of 58 calves each, vaccinated and non‐vaccinated calves were housed together. Four other compartments were treated as a whole and 8 compartments were left untreated. CRTP incidence, medications, weight gain, haemoglobulin and IgG level were recorded. From CRTP positive animals, seroconversion and presence of specific bacteriae and/or viruses were measured as well. Results of the compartments where vaccinated and non‐vaccinated calves were housed together showed that the incidence of CRTP in vaccinated calves was 0.16 while it amounted to 0.28 in controls. Most cases were found between day 40 and 60 after the start of the trial. Seroconversion for vaccine specific viruses was sporadically found, but the presence of Pasteurella's was confirmed in the majority of cases. Presumably, the higher incidence of CRTP in the control group was due to a higher level of BVDV infection which might facilitate a clinical infection with Pasteurella's. Vaccination was also negatively related to the percentage of affected lungs at slaughter, the number of days antibiotics had to be administered and subsequently to medicine costs, although these effects were not significant. Daily weight gain was significantly affected by CRTP, but not by vaccination.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1994.9694438

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A model is presented to calculate the microbiologically acceptable daily intake (ADIm) of antibiotic residues in food products. The ADImcalculation is based on MIC values for indicator bacteriaEscherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis,’ Bifidobacterium spp.andEubacterium spp.,established under gut‐like conditions in anin vitrosimulation model.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1994.9694439

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In a 4×4‐vvk cross‐over study, eight adult cats were given four moist diets containing identical amounts of calcium (13.9 mmol/MJ) but with different ratios of calcium carbonate to calcium chloride, the calcium salts providing half of the total dietary calcium. Increasing amounts of calcium chloride were substituted for equimolar amounts of calcium carbonate. Higher intakes of calcium chloride caused significantly lower pH values in postprandial and 24‐h urine samples. The urinary excretion of ammonium and titratable acid rose with increasing calcium chloride intake. The urinary concentrations of calcium and magnesium were not affected by the type of calcium salt, but the urinary excretion and concentration of phosphorus were significantly depressed when the amount of calcium chloride in the diet was increased. The results are discussed in the context of dietary prevention of and therapy for struvite urolithiasis in cats.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1994.9694440

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The ability of fenbendazole slow release bolus (Panacur® SR Bolus, Hoechst) to control gastrointestinal parasitism in calves during their first grazing season at pasture was evaluated in two field trials. The infection level on both investigated farms was low and the control animals did not develop parasitic gastroenteritis. However, it was possible to demonstrate significant differences in the parasitological and biochemical parameters between the control and treated groups during the grazing season. Faecal egg counts and blood pepsinogen levels in the control cattle at both trials sites were significantly higher than those of the bolus‐treated cattle.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1994.9694441

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A transabdominal Doppler technique for the recording of fetal heart rate (FHR) was investigated in the bovine fetus. During the last 2 weeks of gestation recordings were made once or twice per week in eight cows by placing a 1.5 MHz Doppler transducer on the right ventral abdominal wall. Continuous FHR recordings with a duration of more than 30 min were obtained in 29 of the 35 sessions. Major displacements of the fetus were the main cause of recording failure.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1994.9694442

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We present here the clinical history, diagnosis, and treatment of seven dogs with dirofilariosis. AH dogs were imported into the Netherlands after residing in an area in which dirofilariosis is endemic. In three of these dogs the infection was occult, for the serological test was positive but there was no microfilaraemia. Weight loss, coughing, dyspnoea, and decreased exercise tolerance were the most prominent clinical signs. Two of the dogs had the characteristic electrocardiographic and radiographic signs of enlargement of the right heart. Treatment with thiacetarsamide and ivermectin resulted in complete remission in six dogs. One dog died, presumably as a result of acute renal failure. In the past year (1992–1993) seven cases of canine dirofilariosis were diagnosed, nearly equal to the number in the preceding 10 years (n=9). This most probably reflects the greater sensitivity of the serological diagnosis of dirofilariosis in comparison with identification of microfilariae in the circulation, but a real increase in the number of dogs with dirofilariosis as a result of growing international traffic of tourists accompanied by pets cannot be excluded.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1994.9694443

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The present article (part I) reviews recent developments in animal spongiform encephalopathies (SEs), with the exception of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), which is dealt with in part II.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1994.9694444

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An update on animal spongiform encephalopathies other than BSE was presented in part I of this article. Part II of this article focuses on bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). The article describes clinical signs, histological and other changes leading to a diagnosis, the differential diagnosis, and the prospects for pre‐clinical diagnosis of this disease. It describes the origin and course of the epidemic in the UK and discusses the question why it is only the UK which has witnessed such a large‐scale epidemic. Predicted to arrive much earlier, the epidemic now finally seems to have passed its peak. The article goes on to discuss the chance of the disease occurring in a country like the Netherlands and the measures taken to prevent and control the disease, should it occur.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1994.9694445

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor