摘要:

The pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin after intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administration in lambs (n=5) and adult sheep (n=5) were studied. After IV administration (10 mg.kg‐1) plasma concentrations were best fitted by a three‐compartment open model in both age groups. Distribution volumes were significantly larger in lambs (approximate 4.0 fold difference between 4 week old and adult sheep). There was no significant difference (p<0.05) between the groups in terms of elimination half‐life but plasma clearance was significantly higher in lambs. Norfloxacin was poorly absorbed after oral administration (60 mg•kg‐1) in sheep (F=4.04%). Mean oral bioavailavility was 73.51% in lambs (30 mg.kg‐1). Norfloxacin elimination was faster in lambs after oral administration. MRTtwas significantly prolonged in both age groups when compared with the respective data for IV administration.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694760

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To find out whether the composition of the subcutaneous adipose tissue of cats reflects the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, we performed a feeding trial. Six groups of kittens were fed on diets with variable combinations of corn, linseed, and fish oil. After 5 months, biopsies of subcutaneous adipose tissue were analysed for their contents of linoleic, α‐linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acid. The observed strong correlations between dietary and fat tissue polyunsaturated fatty acids indicate that the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue may be used as an index of the fatty acid composition of the diet. Thus, in epidemiological studies on the possible relationship between dietary fat type and feline disease the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue might be a useful measure.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694761

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Standardized methods were used to make quantitative and qualitative assessments of respirable dust and aeroallergens in feed and bedding for horses. Concentrations of airborne dust were measured by using a Rion particle counter, and levels of major aeroallergens implicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were measured by using an Andersen sampler. Laboratory conditions allowed comparison of the different sources of forage, supplements, and bedding without external influences such as ventilation, external temperature and horse activity affecting the result. Crass silages of approximately 50 % dry matter and alfalfa pellets appeared to be very good sources of forage with low levels of dust and aeroallergens. The studied good quality straw was significantly less dusty with fewer allergens than the wood shavings. Supplements, such as whole grains and molassed concentrates, contained many respirable particles and aeroallergens. Rolled grains were significantly more dusty than good hay.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694762

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Brain stem responses to air‐ and bone‐conducted stimuli were analyzed in 11 young dogs, using an in‐the‐ear transducer and a vibrator designed for human hearing tests, respectively. The mean thresholds were 0 to 10 dB for air‐conducted stimuli and 50 to 60 dB for bone‐conducted stimuli. The wave forms and inter‐peak latencies of the waves of the auditory evoked responses elicited by air‐conducted and bone‐conducted stimuli were similar.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694763

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (KNR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in newborn and young rabbits were studied. Rabbits of different ages (1‐, 8‐, 16‐, and 30‐day‐old) were administered, by the intraperitoneal route (IP), a dose of 7.5 mg of cither drug/kg. In 1‐, 8‐, and 16‐day‐old rabbits, blood samples were drawn by cardiac puncture, under light ether anaesthesia, at predetermined times after drug administration. In 30‐day‐old rabbits, serial blood samples were drawn through an arterial catheter. Plasma was immediately obtained and analysed using an IIPLC method. ENR and CIP plasma protein binding was also determined.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694764

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of sheep was surveyed in 1994 on 70 farms in the Netherlands. Anin vitroegg hatch assay, faecal egg count reduction (FECR) 14 days after treatment, and larval cultures were used as methods of investigation. Oxfendazole was tested on 69, ivermectin on 51, and levamisole on 36 farms. The median effective dose (ED50) of thiabendazole could be determined on 64 farms. On 60 farms (94%) the ED50 value was > 0.12 μg ml‐1, which is indicative of the presence of benzimidazole (BZ) resistance. On two farms egg output was too low to do a FECR test. Based on the results of the FECR test, BZ resistance was present on 56 farms (84%), on 2 farms there was a suspicion of resistance and on 9 farms no resistance could be found. No clear indications were found for the presence of resistance against ivermectin or levamisole.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694765

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Xanthine calculi were found in a 7‐month‐old male Cavalier King Charles spaniel with urethral obstruction and renal insufficiency. Because the only two other reported cases of naturally occurring xanthine urolithiasis concerned a Cavalier King Charles and a King Charles spaniel the urine of the littermates and parents of the patient were also examined for xanthinuria. Semi‐quantitative analysis revealed high urine concentrations of hypoxanthine and xanthine in the patient and his female littermate. Quantitative analysis by high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the urine samples from the family of this Cavalier King Charles spaniel and nine control dogs revealed that hypoxanthine and xanthine excretion was 30 and 60 times higher in the affected patient and the female littermate than in the others dogs. The pattern of xanthinuria, which is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme xanthine oxidase, in the relation diagram of this family of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels was consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694766

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Several aspects of the water‐holding capacity of fresh meat are discussed. After some compositional and structural characteristics of muscle are outlined, special attention is paid to post mortem muscle physiology and related mechanisms of fluid loss from meat. Finally, determinants of water‐holding capacity (physiological factors, rearing conditions and processing factors) are described. From this review it can be concluded that the water‐holding capacity and the subsequent drip loss are complex attributes of meat which are influenced by factors in the whole meat production chain. However, the effects of many factors, such as rearing conditions, administration of growth promoters, feed, and ageing of meat, are still not clear. To be able to optimize and control the water‐holding capacity of meat, it is important to have information about the effects of each processing factor and the basic mechanisms involved. Once these mechanisms are known, the influence of biological and technological factors will be more predictable and more easy to control. Veterinarians can play an important role in this.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694767

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A case of marked skin fragility in a 4‐month‐old pet rabbit is described. The clinical findings, gross pathology, histopathology, and ultrastructure of skin samples were consistent with Ehlers‐Danlos‐like syndrome. This syndrome is recognized in many animal species and is often compared to Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome in humans. Ehlers‐Danlos‐like syndromes in animals are reviewed and possible similarities between these disorders and Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome in humans are discussed.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694768

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Sulphamonomethoxine (SMM), sulphadimidine (SDD), sulphadiazine (SDZ) and their N4‐acetyl derivatives (AcSMM, AcSDD and AcSDZ) were intravenously injected into Goettingen miniature pigs and deacetylation was evaluated from plasma concentration‐time curves, renal excretion, and rate constants obtained from pharmacokinetic analysis, using a non‐linear least‐squares method. Deacetylated metabolite was detected in both plasma and urine after intravenous injection of AcSMM, AcSDD and AcSDZ. The area under the curve (AUC) values for the deacetylated metabolite were significantly higher than those for acetyl derivatives after AcSMM and AcSDD administration, but significantly lower after AcSDZ. After AcSMM and AcSDD injection, the concentration ratio between deacetylated metabolite and acetyl derivative was almost constant in the terminal linear phase and similar to that seen after injection of sulphonamide. After AcSDZ injection, however, a constant ratio was not observed. These results indicate that deacetylation can have a significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of SMM and SDD, but not on those of SDZ in pigs.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.1997.9694769

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor