ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.2000.9695026

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In man, the genetic defects of more than 600 inherited diseases, of which at least 150 skeletal diseases, have been identified as is the chromosomal location for approximately 7000 genes. This rapid progress has been made possible by the generation of a genetical and physical map of the human genome. There is no reason to believe that for the dog not a similar development may occur. This review is therefore focussed on the use of novel tools now available for comparative molecular genetic studies of skeletal dysplasias in the dog. Because the genomes of mammals at the subchromosomal level are very well conserved, likely candidate disease genes known from other species might be considered. In this review, formation of the bones and the most important canine disorders of the skeleton influencing locomotion will be discussed first. The canine disorders discussed are canine hip dysplasia, the three different forms of elbow dysplasia (fragmented coronoid process, ununited anconeal process, osteochondrosis dissecans and incongruency) and dwarfism. Where possible a link is made with similar diseases in man or mouse. Then, the molecular biological tools available to analyse the genetic defect will be reviewed and some examples discussed.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.2000.9695027

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Neospora caninumis a protozoan parasite that was first described in dogs in 1988. Subsequently the parasite has been associated with abortion in cattle. Evidence is accumulating that neosporosis is a major cause of reproductive failure in cattle all over the world. Recent knowledge of neosporosis is reviewed with emphasis on the diagnosis and epidemiology of the disease in cattle. In addition, attention is paid to strategies for disease control and prevention.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.2000.9695028

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Field studies of meat inspection procedures in three different slaughter houses were performed in Germany, in 1996. In total 22,634 fattening pigs from 63 farms were inspected twice, using a visual and the traditional (mandatory inspection system) procedure. Statistical analysis was performed using the rate of ND+ (Non‐Detected Positives) for both visual and traditional inspection. Neither the visual nor the traditional methods detected all lesions which were supposed to be in the lot of animals inspected. Some of the results could be explained by the nature and obviousness of the respective lesion. Conclusions regarding the future performance of inspection should not be drawn before a formal risk analysis procedure for the particular lesion has been done.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.2000.9695029

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An outbreak of EHV1 abortions occurred at a riding school in the Netherlands in 1991. Seven of twelve pregnant mares aborted, and another foal died at 8 days of age. Six abortions occurred within 12 days in March after an initial abortion on 8 February. Four mares delivered live foals. Virological examination of four aborted foals revealed an EHV1 infection. Serological results for paired sera from 17 horses suggested, that the initial abortion on 8 February was the index case, and probably caused the other six abortions. The index case could well have been caused by reactivation of latent virus induced by transport stress. The laboratory results are discussed in the light of the present knowledge of the pathogenesis and epidemiology of EHV1 abortion.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.2000.9695030

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Ten monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against equine herpes virus type 1 (EHV1). Two appeared type‐specific, while the other eight were directed against epitopes common to both EHV1 and EHV4. Two MAbs directed against the glycoprotein gp2 recognized linear epitopes, as demonstrated by Western blotting. With pools of type‐specific MAbs, 282 field isolates were typed in an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA). From a total of 254 fetal or neonatal isolates, 244 (96%) were typed as EHV1, whereas 14 out of 15 (93%) respiratory tract isolates were typed as EHV4. Surprisingly, 3 out of 13 isolates (23%) originating from horses with neurological disease were typed as EHV4. No antigenic differences were found among 75 randomly selected EHV1 field isolates, using the panel of ten MAbs and six additional MAbs, directed against gp2, gB, or gC. Typing by restriction endonuclease analysis with BamHI corresponded completely with that of MAb analysis. There was a remarkable degree of uniformity in BamHI restriction patterns, with 90% of the investigated EHV1 isolates belonging to the 1P electropherotype. Among 30 randomly selected EHV1 isolates we could not identify the EHV1.1B electropherotype, which has been the predominant electropherotype in Kentucky since 1982. Mobility differences were seen in fragments originating from the repeat regions. These differences were not caused by heterologous cell passage, since all viruses were passaged in equine cell systems.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.2000.9695031

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Portosystemic shunts were ligated over a gauged stainless steel rod in 160 dogs and 15 cats, using a midline celiotomy. The diameter of the rod varied with the size of the shunt and the diameter of the portal vein cranial to the shunt. Shunts were narrowed to the smallest diameter that did not cause signs of portal hypertension such as cyanosis of the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine. A slight discoloration was accepted only if the heart rate, end‐expiratory CO2%, or arterial blood pressure (if available) did not deviate more than 15% from the values that were recorded at the beginning of the surgical procedure. The perioperative mortality (0–30 days) was 29%. The most common cause of death was euthanasia because of hypoplasia of the portal vein cranial to the shunt. Animals with intrahepatic shunts had a significantly lower probability of survival than animals with extrahepatic portocaval or portoazygos shunts. In dogs, large breed and a high body weight were also significant risk factors for non‐survival. Age had a significant effect on risk of non‐survival, with an increased risk for older dogs, irrespective of the breed of the dog (large breed vs. small breed). The probability of survival without recurrence of hepatoencephalopathy (HE) after 1 and 4 years was 61.3% and 55.7%, respectively. The only variable that was significantly associated with non‐recurrence of HE was the breed of the dog, there being a lower probability for large breeds. Among the animals that survived surgery for more than 30 days, there was a significant higher probability of recurrence of HE in cats than in dogs.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.2000.9695032

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Precolostral calves and their dams were serologically investigated for the presence of antibodies against Bovine Herpesvirus 1 in diagnostic tests with a very high sensitivity and specificity. Although the syndesmo‐chorial type of placenta of ruminants does not transfer gamma globulins, a large number of calves had antibodies, in most cases in a very low concentration. Significant correlations were found between the serological status of the dam, the status of the calf, and the titre of antibodies. Oral intake of maternal blood by the calf at birth or transmission or leakage of maternal antibodies during pregnancy might be possible causes of precolostrally positive calves. From the results it is concluded that to reduce the risk of obtaining BHV1‐positive calves, BHV1‐negative dams should be selected for breeding purposes.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.2000.9695033

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) eradication campaign in the Netherlands is based on compulsory vaccination and certification of ADV‐free herds and consists of three stages: reduction of transmission of ADV, tracing and elimination of remaining sources of ADV, and, in the last stage prohibition of vaccination. This paper summarizes the progress made in the first two stages of the eradication. Between 1994–1999, ADV seroprevalence decreased sharply in all four regions in the Netherlands, both in the sow and the finishing pig population. In the sow population, the mean ADV prevalence in the northern, eastern and western regions decreased to less than 0.5% in the first quarter of 1998, and to approximately 1% in the southern region. For the finishing pig population, the mean ADV prevalence decreased to less than 0.6% in all fourregions in the first quarter of 1998. The proportion of sow herds that were certified ADV‐free increased steadily from approximately 40% in the last quarter of 1996 to 96% in the first quarter of 1999. The proportion of finishing pig herds that were certified ADV‐free showed the same spectacular increase as in the sow population: from approximately 14% in the last quarter of 1996 to 90% in the first quarter of 1999. It is anticipated that the last stage of the ADV eradication campaign, stopping vaccination, will be achieved very soon. Monitoring wild boars for ADV between 1994 and 1999 indicated that ADV is uncommon within the wild boar population. Therefore, it seems that ADV infection in the wild boar population is not an important reservoir in the Netherlands.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.2000.9695034

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The results of treatment of pyothorax using systemic antibiotics, drainage, and lavage of the pleural space, are reported for 9 dogs. All 9 dogs recovered completely. In 8 of the 9 dogs the follow‐up period was at least 6 months and in none was there a relapse. The results obtained with this treatment are excellent in comparison with the results that have been reported for treatment with systemic antibiotics and drainage of the pleural space but without lavage. Apart from the addition of pleural lavage to the treatment protocol, the better result might be because migrating plant related foreign bodies did not seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of pyothorax in this group of dogs.

ISSN:0165-2176    

DOI:10.1080/01652176.2000.9695035

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:2000

数据来源: Taylor